Water pipes

The technology of building a well from concrete rings

Households that do not have water supply are currently practically not suitable for both recreation and life or household farming, so arranging a well or a well on a site with your own hands is an opportunity to get an alternative source of water in the house, in the garden or in the garden.

Characteristics of types of wells

To date, there are three main types of wells for water production, including key, as well as shaft and pipe options. The key well is the simplest and most common well. The shaft and tubular version are somewhat less common, but in order to build such sources of water supply correctly, it is necessary to know all the main design features of the well.

Mine

This type of water intake structure is optimally suited for do-it-yourself arrangement, and consists in the process of digging a hole and strengthening its walls. Depending on the type of material used for the arrangement, such structures can be wooden, stone or brick, plastic and reinforced concrete. The most common are reinforced concrete structures, up to 15-20 m deep. Depending on the size of the concrete rings, lifting equipment may also be in demand.

Tubular

Such a building is often called the Abyssinian, or Norton, well and is a kind of artesian well. Making such a water source is not too difficult. It consists of a supply pipe with a diameter of 2.5-4.5 cm with a sieve tip. The pipe introduced into the aquifer during the drilling process is supplemented with pumping equipment.

If we build such a variant of the well, then it is necessary to carry out drilling operations, since manual drilling of the well is almost impossible. The advantage is the absence of stagnation and water pollution. Before using water for food purposes, we always do an analysis for suitability for household and drinking needs.

Well type	Advantages	disadvantages
Tubular source of water supply	The water almost always remains clean, the structure can be placed in close proximity to the household, production can be produced from a previously planned horizon, and the water debit is very high.	Impossible to extract high groundwater, wrong choice of equipment causes shoaling, and lack of continuous use causes siltation
Mine source of water supply	The construction is durable, affordable, with the possibility of easy cleaning and the use of almost any model of deep-well pumps, as well as the absence of the need to obtain permits	High labor costs, the risk of reaching the top water, the need for annual cleaning and disinfection, a tendency to silting, the mandatory use of a filtration system and high-quality sealing

Choosing a place for digging a well with your own hands

Despite the fact that the most objective and convenient option is trial or test drilling for water, many homeowners still use folk signs and methods to find the optimal location of the water supply source:

at the site of a high location of groundwater, garden plantings such as apple and cherry trees grow very poorly;
best of all, vegetation grows over aquifers, represented by oak, alder, willow, willow, nettle and fern;
a sign of the proximity of the aquifer is the crown of alder, maple, weeping willow and birch leaning towards the ground;
in areas with a sufficiently high standing of water, solitary oaks often grow;
quite often on the soil, under which massive water veins pass, dogs avoid lying, and cats, on the contrary, react positively to such areas;

by analogy with dogs and cats, chickens and geese also react very differently to soil moisture indicators, choosing a place for themselves to rush;
a huge number of small midges and mosquitoes, after the sun sets in the evening, circles over a place with high humidity;
the high location of the aquifer can also be signaled by thick fog creeping after sunset.

Most of the data is not supported by any scientific data, but, nevertheless, a combination of several signs very often really indicates the possibility of self-drilling or digging on water.

How to dig a well from concrete rings (video)

Stages of building a well from concrete rings

A well shaft can be made from many materials, and if in ancient times wood or stone was most often used for this purpose, now structures made of concrete rings are the most popular and in demand. which is due not only to the ease of installation, but the optimal price-quality ratio.

Digging and setting rings

There are several ways to dig a well shaft for water supply with your own hands:

when digging open continuous digging of the mine is carried out until the appearance of a layer of groundwater. In this case, the standard diameter of the pit should be approximately 20-30 cm larger than the size of the ring, and it is possible to lower and put the rings on top of each other into the shaft using a winch installed outside. All gaps between the walls of the shaft and the rings must be covered with coarse sand or gravel. To seal the seams, special sealing compounds are used;
in the presence of collapsed or shifting soils, it is recommended to dig a well shaft closed way. Initially, you need to remove one and a half meters of the top layer of soil and lower the first well ring into the resulting recess. Further work to remove the soil should be done inside, and as it deepens, the following structural elements must be installed in turn.

Creating a bottom filter

To date, the arrangement of two options for bottom filters is practiced, which are distinguished by a fairly high efficiency and can be done independently:

straight type bottom filter used when there is little supply force and a loose, soft or clay bottom. The general thickness of such a filter does not exceed half a meter. This method of filtration on quicksand is especially relevant, since the filter is very effective in preventing washout. The arrangement consists in cleaning the bottom of dirt and silt, filling in large stones and rubble, after which the middle layer is poured in the form of medium-fractional gravel. The final top layer can be small pebbles or quartz sand;
application of a reverse bottom filter in demand in well structures with a sandy bottom and protects water from cloudiness. The layers of such a filtration system are represented by river pebbles, gravel, shungite, as well as large stones and rubble.

It should be noted that the standard thickness of each layer, regardless of the type of filter system, should be approximately a quarter of a meter.

Internal and external waterproofing

After the construction of an alternative source of water supply on a personal plot, it is very important to think over its waterproofing in advance, which will extend the service life. The technology and rules for self-waterproofing are as follows:

dry the structure by pumping out water;
inspect for cracks or chips;
carry out waterproofing measures using non-toxic material.

The main materials for waterproofing can be considered the use of liquid glass, hot bitumen and special sealant.

How to load concrete rings into a well (video)

Features of the arrangement of the well outside

H Most often outside, such structures are lined with artificial stone, plastered or covered with timber.

The mandatory conditions for creating a high-quality structure include the installation of a roof with large overhangs, as well as the installation of a gate with a wound chain and a bucket. In addition, it is necessary to mount the handle necessary to lift the bucket of water to the surface.

We make a well for a well with our own hands

When arranging an aquifer, it is very important not only to correctly equip a water supply source with a pumping system, but also to correctly perform a piping or a well. Among other things, in recent years, drilling a well in the bottom of an underground reservoir has been actively practiced, which saves money.

As a rule, such work is not carried out independently, since in this case certain skills and a special tool will be required. Unprofessionally performed work threatens the failure of expensive equipment, and in some cases even causes the destruction of the well itself.

How to protect a well from pollution

the blind area of the well will prevent pollution by rain and mud drains, therefore, at a distance of a couple of meters, the surface is leveled with a standard slope, and the embankment is covered with soft clay or other building and finishing materials;
on shallow wells, the arrangement of a clay castle is a production necessity, which allows isolating water from the perch into the source.

Rings for drinking wells (video)

It is important to note that well houses are not just an element of decor, but also a way to protect water from precipitation, dust, insects and plant debris.

It is best to engage in self-construction of wells from concrete rings at the end of summer, since it is at this time that the lowest groundwater level can be observed. Be sure to remember that the pit can be dug all at once or digging is carried out sequentially, which is determined by the geological characteristics of the area and the structural indicators of the soil.