Freedom and human activity social science presentation. Presentation for the lesson of social science "freedom in human activity"
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Lesson plan Differences in the understanding of the concept of "FREEDOM" Impossibility of "Absolute freedom" Freedom is a recognized necessity Freedom and responsibility "Freedom from" or "freedom for" What is a free society
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1. Differences in the understanding of the concept of “FREEDOM”, “freedom, equality, fraternity” From the very first epochs of history, people have been striving for freedom. Uprisings, riots, revolutions took place under the slogans of granting freedom to a person (“Liberty, equality, fraternity” - the slogan of the Great French Revolution of 1789)
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1. Differences in the understanding of the concept of "FREEDOM" Political leaders and leaders vowed to lead their followers to true and complete freedom. However, each of them in his own way understood the essence of freedom. Maximilian Robespierre The category of FREEDOM is an important philosophical issue and researchers interpret it from different positions.
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2. The impossibility of "Absolute freedom" Absolute freedom of a person is impossible for several reasons: Absolute freedom of one means arbitrariness in relation to another. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights emphasizes that in exercising his human rights and freedoms, every person should be subject only to such restrictions as are intended to ensure the rights of others.
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2. The Impossibility of "Absolute Freedom" Since freedom is primarily the freedom to choose from a variety of available alternatives, then absolute freedom would imply the need to choose from a theoretically infinite number of options, and therefore the choice would be practically impossible.
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3. Freedom is a recognized necessity Georg Hegel Benedict Spinoza “People are aware of their desires, but do not know the reasons by which they are determined” Freedom is a recognized necessity.
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3. Freedom - a recognized necessity In history, there were different points of view on the problem of the existence of freedom: There is a destiny and it is not given to change even the gods! Moira Zeus One of the Moira sisters - Klotho
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3. Freedom - a recognized necessity There is no freedom! Everything is predetermined by the providence of God. Reformers (Martin Luther, John Calvin) Martin Luther John Calvin
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3. Freedom - a recognized necessity Another point of view of religious leaders is that God gives people the freedom to choose actions, the freedom to choose between good and evil.
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3. Freedom - a recognized necessity A person becomes free, knowing the restrictions imposed on him by nature and society, and builds his life adapting to this. Friedrich Engels "Freedom does not lie in imaginary independence from the laws of nature, but in the knowledge of these laws."
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4. Freedom and Responsibility Modern society offers a lot of choices for a person. The life of society is built on the basis of existing morality, traditions, and legal norms. Nevertheless, each person chooses his own path. But a person who is free to choose must also be aware of the responsibility for the choice made. Responsibility, both moral and legal.
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5. "Freedom from" or "freedom for" Freedom is the absence of coercion by other people. Freedom yes is the possibility of choosing a variant and realizing (ensuring) the outcome of an event. The absence of such a choice and the realization of a choice is tantamount to a lack of freedom - lack of freedom.
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FREEDOM IN HUMAN ACTIVITIES MBOU "Secondary School" pst. Kazluk Completed by: Nikonova Svetlana, Abukova Irina Teacher: Kostyukova A.K.
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How was the concept of “freedom” connected with the political struggle in modern and contemporary times? The freedom of the individual in its various manifestations is today the most important value of civilized mankind. The value of freedom for the self-realization of man was comprehended in ancient times. The desire for freedom, liberation from the fetters of despotism and arbitrariness has permeated the entire history of mankind. This manifested itself with particular force in the Modern and Modern times. All revolutions wrote the word "freedom" on their banners. Few political leaders and revolutionary leaders have not vowed to lead the masses they lead to true freedom. But although the overwhelming majority declared themselves as unconditional supporters and defenders of individual freedom, the meaning given to this concept was different.
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What can unlimited freedom of choice lead to? No matter how people strive for freedom, they understand that there can be no absolute, unlimited freedom. First of all, because the complete freedom of one would mean arbitrariness in relation to the other. For example, at night someone wanted to listen to loud music, turning on the tape recorder at full volume, the person fulfilled his desire, acted freely. But his freedom in this case infringed on the right of many others to fully sleep at night. In addition to human rights and freedoms, there are also duties. A person cannot be absolutely free. And one of the limiters here is the rights and freedoms of other people.
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How is freedom interpreted in Christian doctrine? "Freedom is a conscious necessity." These words belong to the German philosopher G. Hegel (1770-1831). What is behind this formula, which has become almost an aphorism? Everything in the world is subject to forces that act immutably, inevitably. These forces also subjugate human activity. But what are these forces? There are different answers to this question. Some see God's providence here. Everything is predestined for them. What then is the freedom of man? She is not. “We do nothing of free will, but everything depends on the foreknowledge of God” (M. Luther). Freedom, first of all, means the possibility of choosing between good and evil.
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How does knowledge of the objective laws of nature affect the conscious activity of people? In a generalized form, the presented position can be expressed in the words of the German philosopher and sociologist F. Engels (1820-1895): “Freedom lies not in the imaginary independence from the laws of nature, but in the knowledge of these laws and in the ability based on this knowledge to systematically force the laws of nature to act for specific goals."
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What is the social need? If this need is not comprehended, not realized by a person, he is its slave, if it is known, then a person acquires "the ability to make decisions with knowledge of the matter." Necessity is an expression of a regular, objective, conditioned course of development of events.
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What is the connection between the concepts of "freedom", "choice", "responsibility". The concept of "responsibility" is associated not only with external forms of influence on a person, responsibility is the most important internal regulator of his activity. Then we are talking about a sense of responsibility, duty. It manifests itself primarily in the conscious readiness of a person to follow established norms, evaluate his actions in terms of their consequences for others, and take sanctions in case of violations. For every thoughtless choice, punishment will follow.
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What society can be considered free? A free society is one of the core values of the modern world. Fundamental freedoms and rights have been incorporated into the constitutions of all democratic states. In the economic sphere of such a society, free enterprise based on the principles of competition reigns; in the political sphere, there is a variety of political parties, political pluralism, and democratic principles of government. This is a free-thinking society.
Freedom and responsibility of the individual Prepared by Protasova S.I. Understanding freedom Consequences If everything is absolutely necessary, if there are practically no accidents, then a person turns into an automaton, a robot acting according to a given program Consequences
- Complete arbitrariness in relation to other people, the impossibility of establishing any stable ties
- Responsibility is a socio-philosophical and sociological concept that characterizes an objective, historically specific type of relationship between an individual, a team, society from the point of view of the conscious implementation of the mutual requirements placed on them.
- Responsibility, accepted by a person as the basis of his personal moral position, acts as the foundation of the internal motivation of his behavior and actions.
- Only a free and responsible person can fully realize himself in social behavior, thereby revealing his potential to the maximum extent.
- Freedom (personality) - the ability of a person to perform actions in accordance with their goals, interests and ideals. Human freedom is expressed in the ability to choose and implement a decision in a given situation.
- Freedom is one of the main components of the world standard democracy and criterion social progress (freedom of speech, assemblies, printing; religious freedom, freedom of conscience etc.). Freedom is necessary for a person to realize his social destiny.
- In the history of social thought, the category of freedom has always occupied an important place. The desire to gain freedom was accompanied by the search for a stable balance between freedoms and interests all members societies. In Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that in exercising one's rights and freedoms, a person should be subject only to such restrictions that ensure recognition and respect for the rights of other people.
- Activity human is limited by natural conditions and social norms objectively determined by the course of events. The need to obey them fills the concept of freedom with additional meaning.
- Voluntarism and fatalism are two types of worldview, in which two opposite views on the relationship between freedom and necessity are expressed in an extreme form. Voluntarism considers the will of man as the fundamental principle of all things, which dominates over necessity, objective historical and social processes. Fatalism is the absolutization of necessity, which dominates all processes in the world and predetermines the actions of a person, depriving him of the opportunity to choose.
- Freedom means responsibility. That is why most people are afraid of freedom. (D.B. Shaw)
- About unprecedented freedom
- It's sweet to think by a candle.
- - You stay with me first, -
- Loyalty cried in the night, -
- Only me my crown
- I lay on you
- So that freedom, as a law,
- You obeyed, loving ...
- - I am freedom as a law,
- engaged, and therefore
- This light crown
- I will never take a picture.
- Are we, thrown into space,
- Doomed to die
- About beautiful constancy
- And regret fidelity!
- Freedom consists in being dependent only on laws. (Voltaire)
- Freedom is the right to do whatever is permitted by law. (Charles Montesquieu)
- I do not want my freedom, Conscience for dreams to change: Smooth waters, if the weather They can not shake. Then my power is high, If I do not seek power.
- - Gabriel Derzhavin, "Freedom", 1803
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Social science lesson in grade 11
Zenos Frudakis
The common expression "Buridan's donkey" is widely known. The French philosopher J. Buridan (XIV century) is credited with a story about a donkey, which was placed between two identical and equidistant armfuls of hay. Not deciding which armful to prefer, the donkey starved to death. Dante described a similar situation, but he did not speak about donkeys, but about people: “Placed between two dishes, equally distant and equally attractive, a person would rather die than, having absolute freedom, try one of them.”
Freedom is a conscious necessity Hegel, 19th century
Necessity - something that must necessarily happen in given conditions; internal stable connections of objects and phenomena that determine their regular change and development
Freedom is the ability to choose activities in accordance with one's desires, interests and goals, formed within the framework of the existing universal values of civil society
Fatalism Voluntarism German classical philosophy considers every human action as an inevitable realization of the original predestination, excluding free choice. absolutizes free will, bringing it to the arbitrariness of an unrestricted personality, ignoring objective conditions and laws. the desire to achieve the desired goals without taking into account objective circumstances and possible consequences. Every free action of a person is a fusion of freedom and necessity. Necessity is contained in the form of conditions of existence objectively given to the individual. Fatalism Voluntarism German classical philosophy All human actions are determined (subordinated) by external (independent of a person) circumstances (fate, fate, fate) It absolutizes free will, bringing it to the arbitrariness of an unrestricted personality, ignoring objective conditions and patterns. the desire to achieve the desired goals without taking into account objective circumstances and possible consequences. Every free action of a person is a fusion of freedom and necessity. Necessity is contained in the form of conditions of existence objectively given to the individual. The problem of the relationship between freedom and the need for human decision-making
The expression "Buridan's donkey" illustrates: the perceived need to distinguish between man and animal the presence of restrictions the danger of indecision No. 1
Read the text below. From the point of view of Marxism, choice is not yet an indicator of a person's freedom, he himself must be free. K. Marx noted that a person is free to the extent that the society in which he lives is free. Consequently, the freedom of the individual is inseparable from the freedom of society. It is impossible to argue with this fact. The sooner democracy wins in all countries of the world, the sooner people all over the planet will feel free. Determine which provisions of the text are factual in nature, the nature of value judgments No. 2
From the point of view of Marxism, choice is not yet an indicator of a person's freedom, he himself must be free. K. Marx noted that a person is free to the extent that the society in which he lives is free. Consequently, the freedom of the individual is inseparable from the freedom of society. It is impossible to argue with this fact. The sooner democracy wins in all countries of the world, the sooner people all over the planet will feel free. ASSESSMENT FACT ASSESSMENT FACT ASSESSMENT
The following are a number of characteristics of a person's personality. Which of them, as a rule, illustrate the freedom in his activities? instinctive decision awareness of responsibility affective action critical thinking conformal behavior stereotyped behavior #3
Write down the missing word: - a philosophical category that expresses the objective connections of the material world; that which, thanks to the addition of further determinatenesses of being, is forced to pass from the realm of the possible into the realm of determinate being. #4
Are the following judgments about human freedom correct? a) Human freedom is manifested in the conscious adherence to established norms. b) Always, the more choices, the more freedom a person has, only A is correct, only B is correct, both judgments are correct, both judgments are incorrect №5
“Fate guides the one who accepts it, and drags the one who resists it” (Latin proverb) “A person who rules over others loses his own freedom.” (F. Bacon) "Freedom is the right to do everything that is permitted by law." (Ch. Montesquieu) "Freedom is the right to inequality." (N.A. Berdyaev) Economic freedom is the freedom of any activity, including the right to choose and the risk and responsibility associated with it. (F. Hayek)
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Filippova Svetlana Viktorovna, teacher of social studies, GBOU gymnasium 1507
Freedom in human activity
Freedom is the right to choose
- Freedom is the right to choose
- With soul only consulting about the plan,
- What do we love, what do we die for,
- What to spend your candle mercilessly on.
- Igor Guberman
- Differences in the understanding of the concept of "FREEDOM"
- Impossibility of "Absolute Freedom"
- Freedom is a recognized necessity
- Freedom and responsibility
- "freedom from" or "freedom for"
- What is a free society
"freedom equality Brotherhood"
From the earliest epochs of history, people have striven for freedom. Uprisings, riots, revolutions took place under the slogans of granting freedom to a person (“Liberty, equality, fraternity” - the slogan of the Great French Revolution of 1789)
1. Differences in the understanding of the concept of "FREEDOM" Political leaders and leaders vowed to lead their followers to true and complete freedom. However, each of them in his own way understood the essence of freedom.Maximilian Robespierre
Absolute human freedom is impossible for several reasons:
The absolute freedom of one means arbitrariness in relation to the other. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights emphasizes that in exercising his human rights and freedoms, every person should be subject only to such restrictions as are intended to ensure the rights of others.
2. The impossibility of "Absolute freedom" Since freedom is primarily the freedom to choose from a variety of available alternatives, then absolute freedom would imply the need to choose from a theoretically infinite number of options, and therefore the choice would practically impossible. A person cannot be absolutely free.In his inner life the individual is absolutely free
You can't live in a society and be completely free from it.
3. Freedom is a recognized necessity
Georg Hegel
Benedict Spinoza
"People are aware of their desires, but do not know the reasons by which they are determined"
Freedom is a recognized necessity.
In the history of human society, freedom has traditionally been seen in relation to necessity Necessity is in the form conditions of existence objectively given to the individual
Voluntarism absolutizes free will, bringing it to the arbitrariness of an unrestricted personality, ignoring objective conditions and patterns
Fatalism
Considers every human action as an inevitable realization of the original predestination, excluding human choice
3. Freedom - a recognized necessity In history, there were different points of view on the problem of the existence of freedom:
There is destiny and it is not given to change even the gods!
One of the Moira sisters - Klotho
3. Freedom - a recognized necessity There is no freedom! Everything is predetermined by the providence of God. Reformers (Martin Luther, John Calvin)
Martin Luther
Jean Calvin
3. Freedom - a recognized necessity Another point of view of religious leaders is that God gives people the freedom to choose actions, the freedom to choose between good and evil. 3. Freedom - a recognized necessity A person becomes free, knowing the restrictions imposed on him by nature and society, and builds his life adapting to this.
Friedrich Engels
“Freedom lies not in an imaginary independence from the laws of nature, but in the knowledge of these laws.”
5. "Freedom from" or "freedom for"freedom It is the absence of coercion from other people.
Freedom- this is the possibility of choosing a variant and implementing (ensuring) the outcome of an event. The absence of such a choice and the realization of a choice is tantamount to a lack of freedom - lack of freedom.
Does the choice depend on one's own motives? 4. Freedom and responsibility Modern society offers a lot of choices for a person. The life of society is built on the basis of existing morality, traditions, and legal norms. Nevertheless, each person chooses his own path. But a person who is free to choose must also be aware of the responsibility for the choice made. Responsibility, both moral and legal. The freedom of each member of society is limited by the level of development and the nature of the society in which he lives.A person himself chooses not only a variant of activity, but also formulates general principles of behavior, looks for reasons for it.
Freedom is inseparable from responsibility, from duties to society and its other members.
Human freedom in all its manifestations is the basis of modern democratic regimes, the main value of liberalism
The freedom of each member of society is limited by the level of development and the nature of the society in which he lives.
Freedom finds expression in the legislative consolidation of the fundamental rights and freedoms of a citizen in the constitutions of states, in international pacts and declarations
The goals of human activity are formulated in accordance with the inner motives of each person
6. What is a free society A free society is a society that provides a person with as many choices as possible, a society with no oppression, a society that gives the individual space for free development, encourages and supports this development in every possible way. A society in which "the free development of each is a condition for the free development of all." Summing up
- What can unlimited freedom of choice lead to?
- What is the relationship between the concepts of "freedom" and "responsibility"?
- What do you think, what should be the role of the state in maintaining the rights and freedoms of the individual in society?
- And how can citizens guarantee freedom to each other?
- Study paragraph 16
- Questions on page 163 (oral)
- Tasks p.164 No. 3 and No. 7 (in writing)
- Repeat paragraphs 7 to 15
