Submersible pumps: device and principle of operation

Decided to take up the choice of pump? The following article will help you understand this issue. These devices allow you to fully water the plants, pump a lot of water from the well into various containers. Thanks to the information provided, you can better understand the device and the principle of operation of these units. The ability to correctly choose the best option for your dacha will save you money.

The favorable price for household appliances that work with pumping water makes it possible to purchase them for the conditions of any dacha. Unpretentiousness in operation allows the devices to operate in an aggressive climatic environment, and the simplicity of the mechanism does not lose its functions after conservation for the winter or in rooms without heating. To learn about the weak points that pumps have and protect them from possible breakdowns, you should read the information below.

How are submersible vibration pumps arranged?

Deep pump - a simple device designed to solve domestic problems

A deep pump is a simple device designed for domestic tasks, consists of several elements. The main element that moves the mass of water is the power element. This is an electromagnetic core in the form of the letter "P". Electrical steel, with tightly wound windings, insulated with lacquer, is filled with epoxy resin so as to ensure the safe operation of the device, eliminating the possibility of water entering the core device. The electromagnet itself is firmly held inside the housing, thanks to reliable fixation and cavities occupied by quartz sand, necessary for the cooling wire through sheets of electrical steel.

A rod is fixed on a magnet in the shape of the letter "P". It works with a rubber washer serving as a cushion pad. The quality of the gasket affects the performance of the device as a whole. The principle of operation of the gasket is as follows. The shock absorber is adjacent to the plastic sleeve, it isolates the operation of the pump chamber. The coupling works as a container for collecting and passing water, isolating the liquid from the electrical mechanism of the unit. A special diaphragm guides and fixes the rod, it is fixed in the inside of the coupling.

Some manufacturers increase the length of the stem, optimizing the principle of operation. This allows you to qualitatively take advantage of the centrifugal force that submersible units are capable of. With this feature of the submersible design, the stem fully protrudes into the coupling chamber. The ears, which are located in the inner part of the chamber on the rod, allow improving the conditions of the centrifugal force of the rod. You will get a guaranteed increase in the performance of the entire system as a whole, because in this case the stem moves less.

The mushroom-shaped rubber inserts that you can see in the pump device are called check valves. Through these parts, water seeps into the chamber, but they do not allow the liquid to escape, as they are provided as a locking mechanism when squeezed.

An increased elasticity of the check valve is needed, which allows you to ignore the accumulated debris in the inside of the pumping device. Elasticity allows the valve to fit snugly against the walls of the sleeve, limiting the stopper. Otherwise, part of the water will be sent back, which will adversely affect the efficiency and speed of the unit.

The rubber piston is in fact a fundamental part of the design; a violation of its operation can provoke contamination of the source with small debris. In most cases of failure, the piston itself fails. A similar claim cannot be made to the rest of the parts, since they are more durable, although they are constantly subjected to vibrations during the operation of the submersible unit.

Principle and features of work

The changing pressure force inside the delivery chamber allows the pump to work. The reciprocating movements of the piston (or diaphragm, depending on the model) made of rubber cause a high-speed flow of water. Upon closer examination, the following picture emerges. A unit that receives electricity provokes the appearance of a magnetic field on the windings of the coil. The U-shaped core, when magnetized, attracts the vibrational part of the unit - the coil, which is located in the discharge chamber.

The resulting impulse affects the piston, which is wrapped inward, and the rod device is then discarded with the action of check valves. The principle of reverse-forward current is due to the operating conditions of alternating current, which alternately arises and disappears and forms dips without magnetization of the coil. This property allows the coil to be thrown back each time and, when magnetized, repeat the action again. The piston pressing on the water releases new space for the next portion of water, which instantly goes into the clutch due to the pressure created.

Such cycles take place at a frequency of 100 times per second, allowing you to transfer about a hundred chamber volumes. It is this rhythmic action caused by the movement of the rod that creates a constant vibration during the operation of the unit. Due to this process, the pumps are called "vibrating".

Places and methods of using a submersible pump

The unpretentiousness of these units allows them to be put into operation in different climatic conditions. Special maintenance and prevention is not required. There are no rotating parts and moving mechanisms. The special optimized design of the pumps makes it possible for parts to wear out many times less than for other units. Such a decision will be beneficial for your dacha.

If the pump is not allowed to idle, then it will not overheat, the heat leaves instantly due to the cooling of the incoming water. Alkaline water pumping does not harm performance, mineral salts do not create sediment on the internal parts. Despite the exceptional reliability, such devices still have weaknesses.

The very process of action, namely the vibrations that force the liquid, can destroy the mechanism. Over time, they cause displacement of any parts, regardless of operating conditions. The part that has left the groove creates additional vibration and violates its own structure. Knowledge of the principle of operation allows occasionally to carry out preventive work. Also, some conditions for work should be excluded, namely:

• Do not pump water with a submersible from a newly dug well. Soaring particles and dirt will very quickly clog the capacity of the unit, if you cannot do without this measure, you should clean the main components of the apparatus.
• Do not use the submersible in a large body of water such as a river, lake, swamp.
• Do not supply water from a container with a limited supply of water, such as a cistern or tank.
• Do not use the pump as a device that pumps liquid from a flooded room in your summer house.

If we consider the experience of using vibration pumps with wells, then consumer reviews will vary. For some who have been using such pumps for decades, the entire operation process goes without problems. Some consumers instantly disable the pump itself, and also destroy the well. Apparently, a whole combination of factors is important here, which speaks about the quality of the pump and the well, but leaves no chance to predict the development of events.

Choosing a vibration pump for your garden

A variety of high-quality water pumps from the CIS countries, as well as from China, allows you to choose the best solution for your needs. Given the development of this sector, it is very difficult to find German and Italian water pump models, so there is usually nothing to say about them. Let's move on to an overview of the most purchased and popular models on the market. By the way, the cost of a quality pump may not exceed 60-70 conventional units.

"Baby" is the youngest in terms of characteristics, but the most popular model in the CIS market. A reliable water apparatus, the most economical to purchase, can have two types of water intakes (upper and lower). Additional thermal protection allows the device to be resistant and durable in harsh winter conditions.

"Brook" - this water apparatus is no less popular due to its powerful pressure. It differs slightly in characteristics, depending on the country of manufacture, but gives a stable head of 60 meters.

"Aquarius" - a deep pump, is more expensive than other models, but increased head characteristics (up to 100 m) and the ability to pump large volumes of water make it possible to use this unit in large farms.