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Features of the sewerage system in a private house

The coziness and comfort of a country house, a private household, a country cottage cannot be imagined without an efficient, well-functioning sewer system.

Planning, arranging and maintaining the drain complex in proper condition is the object of constant close attention of the owners of individual real estate.

Understanding all the fundamental principles of building and maintaining a sewage drain, the design of the main components and assemblies of the system, it is not difficult to sewer into a private house with your own hands. At the same time, significant savings are achieved in the selection of consumables and remuneration of qualified specialists.

Each home master who has created with his own hands such a complex functional system for his own home as an autonomous sewage system automatically becomes an indispensable specialist in its maintenance.

In the construction market of Moscow and the region, there are many companies for the arrangement of turnkey water supply and sewer works. The Moscow region positions a different price range - for a small country house, the cost is in the range of 20-30 thousand rubles. For a building of medium size and with tenants up to 6 people, a drain will cost 50-60 thousand rubles. The equipment of the drain system of a large 2-3-storey cottage with more than 12 residents can pull 200-300 thousand rubles and more.

So, how to design and implement a sewerage device in a private house that will work for decades without failures and emergencies? How to plan everything yourself, while getting a savings of 50% of the total costs? This will be discussed further in our article.

Drain design

Before starting all work, it is necessary to carefully consider the design of the entire system as a whole, as well as the composition of all its components. It is best to put your vision of the design on paper.

The drawn project will always be in sight, helping to take into account important details. Working on the drawing will allow you to plan a compact arrangement of pipes and take into account the structural features of the building.

In the project, it is important to take into account the location of each plumbing unit, identify ways to lay pipelines to the equipment, calculate the required number of fittings, pipes, and materials.

Specific sections of the engineering network to be laid must be designated separately, having calculated the length of the pipes and their diameters. When purchasing materials, this information will be very useful. The sewerage scheme in a private house will be a reliable help in its construction.

The design process involves the arrangement of internal and external schemes for the withdrawal of waste water.

When laying internal sewerage, the following are installed:

  • fan pipe
  • central riser
  • Pipes for shower, bath, toilet

External sewerage in a private house is responsible for the removal of external wastewater. It is arranged for supply to a septic tank or to a deep cleaning station. The last construction will have a high cost. If there is a central sewerage system near the house, the task of arranging an external outlet for waste water is greatly simplified, and considerable money savings are achieved.

To simplify installation, as well as to reduce costs, at the design stage, it is necessary to arrange the premises of the house associated with water consumption as compactly as possible. Thanks to this arrangement, the laying of pipes inside the house is greatly simplified.

An important tip is that the design process must begin with a riser. Only by determining the channel for the passage of the riser and the collector pipe, it is possible to outline the further location of all other constituent parts of the system.

  • the best material for laying sewers is polypropylene or PVC pipes, tees, fittings. They are much cheaper, but much more durable than cast iron products;
  • when laying drain networks, all turns in them can be mounted using two plastic elbows with a 45 degree bend. The design greatly minimizes the chance of blockages that are common with a single 90-degree bend;
  • for gray kitchen drains, as well as for removing used water from the bathroom, PVC pipes with a diameter of 50 millimeters are used;
  • waste toilet pipes should be at least 100-110 millimeters in diameter. The total length of such pipes should be no more than 1000 millimeters.

Piping and piping

Installation work during the laying of pipelines of the drain complex is considered the most labor-intensive in construction. Equipping the house with their own hands, it will be difficult for one owner to cope with the entire amount of work. Therefore, it is recommended to have one or two assistants from among family members, neighbors, acquaintances. The speed of work and the quality of sewerage wiring will only benefit from this.

Currently, the trading network and construction Internet portals offer a wide variety of plastic pipes, revisions, tees, elbows. With the help of rubber cuffs, they connect without problems and function perfectly without letting water through. The joints are treated with special building silicone sealants. In places where pipe communications pass through walls, sleeves are installed on top of them to prevent damage.

An indicative list of tools that will be needed when laying sewer pipes:

  • Automatic sealant gun
  • Screwdriver Set
  • Hammer 200 g
  • Electric perforator
  • Pencil
  • Level
  • Bulgarian with a long cord
  • Hacksaw for cutting plastic and metal

Small mistakes are always possible in such works. In order to detect leaks or defects in fittings, the finished sewerage system must be tested with clean water before being put into operation. Only after making sure of the reliability of its condition, it is possible to connect it to the existing equipment of the dwelling. Storm sewers can be combined at the exit of the house with an internal drain.

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Slope and release

An important factor in the installation of drain structures is the correct slope. Modern building codes suggest the slope of systems where there is no fluid pressure to be produced taking into account the diameter of the pipelines. 50 mm pipes should have a slope of 3 centimeters per meter of their length. Pipes with a diameter of 100-110 millimeters can have a slope of 2 centimeters in their length. Based on this, different points of the horizontal pipes should be at different heights.

To prevent non-docking of external wiring with internal, installation begins with the release of the sewer. The outlet is the place in the pipeline where the internal riser is connected to the pipe leading to the septic tank. It is laid deep in the ground through the foundation, below the freezing level of the soil of the region.

In extreme cases, if conditions do not allow and the outlet is higher, it must be very carefully insulated. Otherwise, in winter frosts, the pipe with drained water will freeze and create problems.

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Cesspool and septic tank for wastewater treatment

The most inexpensive way to arrange the withdrawal of used water from a private house is a cesspool. It is made at the rate of 0.5-0.8 m³ per person. The bottom of the pit is filled with concrete. The side walls are lined with bricks, blocks, can be poured with concrete. To prevent sewage from entering drinking water, the masonry is sealed with bituminous mastic on top.

Sewer wiring is laid in a trench 1 meter deep. The ditch is covered with a wooden floor, which is filled with liquid bitumen from above and an inspection hatch with a cover is installed.

The cesspool should be located in a convenient place accessible for sewage transport. This is necessary so that as the pit is filled, it must be cleaned. In all settlements there is a service that, at the request of the owners of private houses, sends special machines for cleaning cesspools.

When deciding to create a sewerage structure, the owner should familiarize himself with the full list of special devices that are widely represented on the building materials market. Plastic septic tanks, storage tanks, multi-chamber sewer systems - these devices facilitate the installation of the drain complex, ensuring the reliability and durability of its service.

The septic tank has a more reliable design, longer service life, ease of use. Its task is to clarify wastewater and bring them into the ground. A septic tank is usually made up of several sections, depending on the expected volume of water flow in the house. According to the norms, it should be located at a distance of 20 m from a residential building. The drainage installation is mounted at a distance sufficient to prevent erosion of the soil, the foundation and the ingress of sewage into basements and wells.

The drainage system should be located below the drinking water intake level, no closer than 50 m from the water intake point. In the absence of groundwater, a filtration well is arranged instead of a drainage system. It is laid out of bricks, blocks or poured with concrete in the formwork. From above, the device is closed with a lid and covered with molten bitumen for sealing.

A ready-made septic tank can be purchased in the distribution network, on Internet portals. Often, plastic containers, concrete rings are used for this purpose. It is important to remember: the pipe leading water into the drainage system must be laid at a depth of at least one and a half meters. The depth of the sewerage will prevent it from freezing in the winter. The septic tank is cleaned at least once a year. Bottom sediments turn into minerals, which are successfully used as fertilizers for the garden.

Filter well

The filter well is installed with low water consumption - up to 1 m³. A sealed housing is made, the bottom is filled with some loose filter material: crushed stone, slag, gravel, granular screenings. Such a device is located at a distance of 50 m from the water intake. Its bottom is located at least one meter above the groundwater level.

It is advisable to use modern technological materials when arranging sewage for a country house. Good quality polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene pipes are best suited here. Such materials will serve for decades, delighting the inhabitants of the house with their functionality, reliability, and smooth operation. If you need to replace small parts, they can be easily changed without compromising the family budget.

Thus, the rhetorical question of how to make a sewer in a private house or cottage with your own hands is an attractive topic that every property owner can do for himself, choosing the best option from a variety of designs.

Having understood the vicissitudes of construction, having correctly installed the sewerage system, the owner of the mansion will simply be able to independently solve all the issues that arise during the entire long period of its operation, without involving specialists from specialized companies for this.