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Well pumps. Which to choose?

The well on the site is an excellent renewable source of fresh water. With appropriate purification, water from such a source can not only be used for domestic needs, but also eaten. However, getting water from the well with a hand pump is very labor-intensive. You need to save your strength and pumping devices will come to your aid. Modern building supermarkets and online stores offer a wide range of pumping equipment. Many consumers face the question: well pumps - which one to choose?

The main types of pumping equipment

The pumping device is the heart of the entire autonomous water supply system. It is a high-quality pump that will give you a guarantee of uninterrupted water supply through the pipeline system. When choosing a pump, it is necessary to take into account not only its quality, but also a lot of other factors, because a significant part of modern equipment is highly specialized.

Factors Influencing Pump Selection

In order to select pumping equipment, it is necessary to evaluate and consider several factors.

The depth of the water surface is a very important factor. If you do not know this value, then measure the depth of the water by lowering a load on a rope into the well. Usually, the maximum depth from which a given pump model can lift liquid is indicated in the factory passport.

According to the depth of water, deep wells of the artesian type and shallow ones, also called tubular wells of the Abyssinian type, are distinguished.

Volume of pumped water

Before choosing a pump, it is also necessary to evaluate the water consumption that your pump will provide. Of course, the level of water consumption cannot be more than the debit (that is, productivity) of the well in your area.

The flow rate of a well can be estimated by measuring the water level in the well before and after some time of operation of the pumping device. After you evaluate the flow rate of the well, you need to calculate the level of water consumption for your home. Usually, a family of 3-4 people can be supplied with water by a pumping device with a capacity of about 50 liters per minute. This indicator does not include water consumption for agricultural activities.

If you do not know what the cross section of the well is in your area, then do not forget to ask the specialists - drillers about this issue. Submersible pumping devices and inlets of surface pumps may have a different maximum cross section and it may turn out that the pump you purchased, or its intake device, simply will not fit into the water well. Please note that both the cross section of well casing pipes and the cross section of pumping devices are very often measured in inches (approximately 2.54 centimeters). The most commonly produced and used pumps and pipes with a cross section of 4 inches.

Head of the pumping device

The head of the pumping device shows in principle the same characteristic as the lifting depth. Only in technical documentation is the pressure measured in units of pressure, that is, in bars. You can correlate the depth of the well and the required pressure as follows: take the suction depth in meters, add 30 and another 10%. The pressure of a pumping device that is efficient enough to lift water from a well 45 meters deep is 83 bar.

Optional equipment

The price of the pumping device depends not only on the given characteristics, but also on the available and purchased additional equipment. So, for the installation of a submersible pump, a cable made of synthetic materials or with an anti-corrosion coating is required. When connecting power cables to the pumping equipment, it is necessary to install an emergency shutdown switch. The required well infrastructure may also include a pressure accumulator.

Dirty well

After some time in operation, a well (especially a shallow well in sand) may begin to foul. In order for the working units of pumping equipment not to fail, it is necessary to either clean them regularly or equip them with filter nozzles.

Please note that there are special models of pumping equipment that can operate smoothly even in very dirty water, but the price of such devices is much higher.

Choosing pipes

An important issue when installing an autonomous water supply system is the choice of reliable pipes. Usually modern systems are equipped with polypropylene pipes. They are quite light and can be easily assembled by yourself. But keep in mind that different models of plastic pipes are designed for different working pressures, so correlate this indicator with the characteristics of the pumping device.

Pumps can be used to lift water from wells of various depths, such as deep artesian wells and shallow sand wells, also called Abyssinian wells.

The main characteristic that allows dividing pumping equipment into two large groups is its location:

  • submersible devices are placed directly in the thickness of the liquid and are surrounded on all sides by it;
  • surface devices are placed at a distance from the water source and take it through the inlet hose.

Submersible pumping devices

The submersible device is wholly or most of it is in the liquid taken for pumping. Power supply to such equipment is transmitted through a special sealed cable. The presence of electrical contact under water dictates the need for reliable insulation. All operating units of the unit must be protected from prolonged exposure to water. Therefore, for the manufacture of such submersible pumping equipment, materials with high corrosion protection are used, for example, stainless steel or dense plastic. When in a liquid layer, the possibility of overheating of the pump motor is practically eliminated, which makes it unnecessary to have an additional cooling system.

Two types of submersible pumping equipment are widely used to equip water intake systems in household plots: for pumping water from deep artesian wells and from shallow wells (Abyssinian-type wells).

Submersible pumping devices for deep wells

To lift water from deep wells of the artesian type, so-called borehole pumps are used. The location of such devices in a narrow shaft of a deep well dictates the compact dimensions of their design. Typically, such pumps are located in a stainless steel cylinder, their external section does not exceed 10 centimeters.

These are highly specialized devices. No other units will be able to lift water from a great depth of an artesian well.

One of the popular lines of such pumps is ETsV. Depending on the configuration and power of the device, the price for such products starts from 23 thousand rubles. Such a pump can be located at a depth of several tens of meters.

The submersible well pump from the company "Vodoley" model BTsPEU 0.5-63U demonstrates a maximum head of 90 meters, but builds only about 11 thousand rubles. A slightly more expensive ONKM 150 model from the manufacturer can lift water already from a depth of 105 meters. As you can see, the range of devices offered and their price range is quite wide. You can choose a specific device only by carefully selecting the parameters. The question of choosing the quality of a pumping device is similar to playing roulette - a little-known manufacturer can create high-quality things when entering the market, and an eminent brand can create a frank marriage.

Submersible pumping devices for shallow wells

Such devices are designed to draw water from relatively shallow wells (sometimes called Abyssinian-type tube wells). Just like the previous equipment, submersible pumps are small in size, but have less power.

The operation of such a system largely depends on the water level, which can vary significantly. Pumping devices are usually equipped with an automatic shutdown system that turns off the pump when the liquid level drops to a certain level.

For the high-quality operation of such pumping equipment, a layer of water with a thickness of at least a meter is required. Otherwise, the pump may become clogged with silt and sediment from the source.

Popular on the market among pumping devices of this type are models from the manufacturer "GRUNDFOS". For shallow wells, you can use the SPO series, the price of which starts at 16 thousand rubles. But it's a well-known brand. Less hyped pumping devices for small wells (though operating on exceptionally clean water), for example, BELAMOS, SUPRA or CALIBER cost a maximum of 1 thousand rubles. For such a price, it is not a pity if they work for only one season.

Surface pumping devices

Such equipment is installed at some distance from the water source and water is taken from it through the inlet hose. Usually, the height difference from the location of such a pump for the water level does not exceed 8 meters. It can be used to draw water from a very shallow well.

It is possible to increase the level difference for the operation of surface pumping equipment by means of an inlet ejector. This device is placed at the end of the intake pipe and lowered into the water source. The principle of operation is to recirculate part of the pumped out liquid back to the ejector, as a result of which the operating pressure increases at the inlet of the device.

Additional pressure on the ejector makes it possible to increase the depth of fluid suction by a surface pump from a well with a depth of up to 25 meters. But the ejector itself is a complex piece of equipment, and the ejector pump can be as expensive as a classic submersible well pump.

In surface pumping devices, additional functions may be added by manufacturers.

Surface pumping devices are very often used to organize the irrigation of a personal plot. Typically, such devices do not have automatic blocks and they are turned on and off manually. Such equipment is usually used for seasonal work.

There are surface pumping devices with automatic units. They are switched on or off when certain values ​​are reached in the system. The equipment is equipped with an automatic stop system when critical phenomena occur, such as a hose kink. When troubleshooting, pumping equipment with automatic units will start working by itself. When using such devices in the water supply system, the pump will begin to pump liquid after opening the water tap.

automated pumping stations are a set of equipment that provides uninterrupted water supply in small autonomous systems from individual wells.

Typically, such pumping complexes include a pumping device, a control unit and a pressure accumulator. The battery capacity is usually at least 20 liters.

Pressure accumulator - hydraulic accumulator is a mechanical device incorporating a rubber membrane or balloon. When pumping equipment is in operation, the membrane or cylinder is in a tense state, and when the pressure in the system drops, the pressure of the rubber membrane or cylinder increases the pressure in the pipelines.

In pumping complexes, after working off the pressure accumulator, an automatic relay is usually activated and the pumping device is turned on again to fill the pipelines and the pressure accumulator. The pressure accumulator placed in the water supply system significantly reduces the number of switching on and off of the pumping device and increases the life of the equipment.

The insufficient power of a surface pump when used in a shallow well is fully compensated by the great ease of installation. But here you need to know one little trick - it is best to take water from a well with a surface pump using a rigid pipeline. If you put a rubber hose on the suction, the vacuum created by the pumping equipment can pinch it, causing a kind of "spasm".

When using a surface pump, you may well not be so demanding on the strength and reliability of the purchased equipment, it is easily repaired and not difficult to install.

Popular models of a domestic manufacturer, such as "Gnome" or "Kama" will cost you 4-5 thousand rubles. Pump "PRIMA" model NC-300/25 with a suction depth of 8 meters costs 1300 rubles. Model "CALIBER NBTs-380" with a height of 9 meters of water will cost a little more than 1 thousand rubles. Thus, the purchase and installation of a full-fledged pumping station based on such pumps will cost 6-7 thousand rubles.

How to choose a well pump?

The procedure for selecting a pump for a well begins with an assessment of the characteristics of your water supply.

  1. If you have a small well-well of the Abyssinian type, then you may well limit yourself to purchasing a surface pump. With insufficient power of such a pump, it can be equipped with an ejection unit, which will significantly increase the suction depth.
  2. When placed on a deep well site (artesian type), you will have to purchase a submersible pumping device.
  3. In case of high water pollution, the submersible pumping device must be equipped with additional filters.
  4. After choosing the location and connection diagram of the pump, select the equipment in accordance with the required volume of water consumption of your family.
  5. With an accurate list of equipment with the required characteristics in hand, you can accurately select the model that will meet your exact needs.

    6. Pressure accumulator - hydraulic accumulator