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How to make a septic tank from concrete rings?

Autonomous sewerage in the house is a necessity, like water, heating. Cesspool sewage is the past, a factory septic tank is not cheap, an acceptable option is a do-it-yourself septic tank made of concrete rings. Design features allow you to cope with a large amount of waste, prevent soil pollution. We will understand the distinctive characteristics, the correctness of the device and installation with our own hands.

Consider the motives that allow you to choose just such a concrete system. A concrete septic tank has a number of undeniable advantages:

  • Autonomous operation of the structure, without power supply.
  • There is no need for an additional drainage device, a pump.
  • at the discretion of the owner.
  • The service life of a concrete structure is much longer than plastic, iron.
  • Reinforced concrete construction copes more effectively with wastewater treatment.
  • The installation technology is so simple that a person with minimal building skills can do the job.
  • Minimum costs for the purchase of material and construction work.
  • Ease of maintenance.

There is also the other side of the coin - disadvantages, you need to know them in person:

  • The use of special equipment during installation, it is difficult to manually place concrete rings.
  • The complexity of installing pipes between sections (we make holes for pipes ourselves).
  • Regular cleaning in the septic tanks of the solid waste chamber. When using special additives, the number of calls for vacuum trucks is reduced due to the decomposition of the solid mass.

Scheme, design device


Diagram of a septic tank.

Immediately before construction work, it is necessary to determine the location of the sewer, draw a drawing. At this stage, it is worth considering some of the nuances that are necessarily displayed in the drawing:

  • the distance between the septic tank and the house is at least 5 meters;
  • from a well, a well with drinking water, a distance of 30 m or more.

The erected concrete septic tank on the site solves not only the problem of collecting everyday household waste, but also takes into account the ecological approach to the breakdown of precipitation into non-hazardous elements. For a visual understanding of the process, we will analyze the structure of septic tanks, the main task of which is to collect waste, stage-by-stage clarification, and cleaning. Septic tanks differ in the number of containers:

  • single-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings, the process of work is the accumulation of wastewater;
  • two-chamber, the tanks are interconnected by an overflow pipe;
  • three-chamber, the process of work, as well as a two-chamber capacity.

The more septic tanks, the better the cleaning.

Each container is responsible for the next stage of wastewater treatment. The more containers, the better the cleaning. It is important to correctly calculate the required number of buildings. The standard option is three elements, but there are special projects with fewer containers. The classic scheme of a septic tank made of concrete rings:

  • The first well is a chamber for settling wastewater with a concreted base. The volume of the first container is half the size of the entire building. Anaerobes can be added to the tank, allowing the separation of solids and the accumulation of residues at the bottom. In the absence of facilities for water intake on the site, bacteria are not used.
  • The second well - a container for cleaning impurities, is connected to the first and provides a second level of filtration.
  • The third well is a filtration tank, connected by a pipe to the second tank. The concrete bottom of the tank was replaced with sandy or sand-gravel. Clarified water passes through it and penetrates into the soil.

As practice shows, they are often limited to installing two wells. For a small family with a small amount of household appliances, one sump is enough, but for a family with an active use of a washing machine, dishwasher, shower, bath, etc., you should opt for two sump tanks.

Calculation of the required volume

How to correctly calculate the volume of autonomous sewage? The main indicator in calculating the volume is water consumption per person per day. One tenant consumes 150-200 liters of water. For a correct calculation, it is necessary to multiply the volume consumed by one by the number of all those living in the house. It turns out the daily water consumption per family, plus a supply of 200 liters, taking into account the arrival of guests.

According to building codes, the drain pit must contain the volume of waste for three days. On average, for a family of 3-4 people, the volume of the treatment plant is at least 3-4 m³. The daily consumption figure does not exceed one m³ - put one ring if the consumed volume ranges from 1 to 8 m³ - the septic tank needs two containers.

Do-it-yourself construction stages

Installation for the construction of a septic tank on its site includes several stages. All calculations have been carried out, the schemes have been approved - we are preparing materials.

Preparation of materials and tools


Dimensions of concrete rings for a septic tank.

When preparing a list for the purchase of materials, we write down concrete structures in the first paragraph. Knowing the number and height of the tanks, it is easy to calculate the required number of rings (height 90 cm). Purchasing lower rings with a ready-made bottom will make the job easier. Required tools:

  • plastic pipes;
  • corners, tees;
  • asbestos, ventilation pipes;
  • cement;
  • waterproofing material;
  • crushed stone;
  • shovel, perforator, ladder, hacksaw, trowel.

Location selection

The location of the septic tanks is of great importance. The decision is influenced by sanitary-epidemiological and construction requirements:

  • correct calculation of the distance from the house, the source of drinking water;
  • low location of groundwater;
  • availability of free access for transport.

It is worth knowing that the sewerage device at a distance of more than 20 m requires additional costs for the supply pipeline and the arrangement of revision wells.


Preparation of a pit for a septic tank.

All preparatory work has been carried out - a swarm of pits. To dig a hole, it is worth using special equipment, which will save time, or dig a hole yourself. The advantage of manual digging is that the required dimensions are immediately observed, no adjustment of these dimensions is required. The depth of the pit is at least two meters, dig a width with a margin so that the sides of the moat do not cling to the concrete rings.

It is considered to be a classic version of the pit - a round shape. This claim is easy to refute. A square-shaped pit is excellent, it is easier to dig it, and a square-shaped concrete slab will lie more freely. With a three-chamber septic tank, we dig three holes, with a two-chamber septic tank - two. We place each subsequent hole 20-30 cm lower.

Installation of rings, piping

Plumbing to a septic tank.

It is forbidden to roll the rings on the surface; cracks appear from such transportation. It is worthwhile to involve specialized equipment in the installation, which will ensure that the rings are fed in a vertical position. Before installation, it is worth preparing the base: a sand cushion 30 cm high and a concrete screed 20 cm high. The base prevents runoff from entering the soil. The screed can be replaced with a solid concrete slab or rings with a concrete bottom. Single-chamber septic tanks are not concreted, a drainage cushion is sufficient.

Sealing

Rings are placed on the concreted bottom. Holes for the overflow pipe are punched in the ring, connecting lines are carefully sealed with cement. Coating protective solutions are used for exterior finishes. If there is financial potential, it is worth buying plastic cylinders and putting them inside the well to prevent contaminants from entering the soil. You can start the stage of waterproofing.

Waterproofing

Protecting the structure from water penetration is perhaps the most crucial stage. Despite the belief that concrete does not absorb water, complete is produced. , bitumen or polymer mastic, concrete mix with additives - great for responsible work. Ring joints are carefully processed.

Covering and backfilling the well

The final factor of the main work is the installation of overlappings on the rings. The containers are covered with a concrete slab with a hole for the hatch. The well is covered with previously excavated earth mixed with sand. Spread evenly over the entire surface and compact thoroughly.

Having decided to dig a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands, take care of the future sewerage scheme, follow the sequence of installation steps and read some final tips:

  • For the sewerage device, choose the lowest place in your area.
  • Do not forget to clean the collection well using special transport.
  • When installing, it is better to fasten the rings with metal plates, which will protect against soil movement.
  • Take care of ventilation, bring the pipe above the ground.

Creating an autonomous sewage system on your own will significantly save the family budget, and compliance with the technology will save you from problems during operation.