Deep pumps - device, principle of operation, features of choice and self-assembly

The submersible pump is a powerful unit capable of regularly pumping water from the deepest sources. In everyday life, such a unit can be used both for a well and for a well. Below we will consider in detail the device and the principle of operation of the device, as well as the features of its selection and connection.

Downhole pump device for a well - design features of the unit

The design of domestic deep pumps may be different. It all depends on the type of motor, the principle of operation and the parameters of the units. Each submersible deep-well pump consists of two main parts - a built-in or external motor, and a multi-stage pump assembly.

The built-in motor is usually located at the bottom of the pump - this protects the motor from contact with water. Above the engine is the drive shaft of the unit, wheel guides and special bends in the form of blades.


Depending on the type of downhole pump, it can be equipped with additional spare parts. The vibration pump device, in addition to the motor and shaft, also includes a special glass and a vibrator that creates the high pressure necessary for operation. The vibrator itself consists of an anchor, control washers and a rubber shock absorber. The latter is compressed during operation of the pump, thereby creating the conditions necessary for water intake. All elements of the vibration pump are located in a robust housing.

Another type of deep water pumps is centrifugal units, which are slightly more complex in design and more durable in operation. It is because of this that most buyers prefer this particular downhole pumping equipment. The main role in such a device is played by a scapular outlet mounted on the engine of the unit. Pumps of this type almost do not overheat due to the fact that the bearings inside its design are cooled by contact with the pumped water. Most centrifugal pumps are equipped with built-in automation that protects equipment from running dry and power surges at home.


All elements of the centrifugal pump are located in a durable sealed stainless steel housing.

Each type of equipment works differently. The principle of operation is largely influenced by the elements that complete the deep pump. The vibration unit performs its functions by moving the piston. In the process of supplying electricity, an electromagnetic field is created inside the device, which attracts the vibrator - this drives the pump piston. At the same time, discharged pressure is generated in the working chambers of the unit, which pushes water into the free space of the chambers. By the same principle, water passes through the channels into the pipeline.

The principle of operation of a centrifugal deep water pump is based on the rotation of the impeller. In this case, a centrifugal force is created along the perimeter of the working blades, pushing water from the suction pipe into the pressure channel, and then into the pipeline. Another type of equipment works according to the same principle - a screw pump.

How to choose a deep well pump for a well - we decide for ourselves

To choose a pump that can lift water from a depth, you must follow certain rules. Among other things, you will need to study the technical characteristics of the unit. The most important parameters include:

• Pump power - deep-seated devices are already quite powerful devices in themselves. As a rule, this indicator of equipment does not fall below the mark of 1.5 kW. This is quite enough for pumping water from sources up to 30 m deep;
• Productivity - when calculating this indicator, you need to take into account that a family of 4 people consumes on average about 200 liters. water per day. Therefore, it is better to buy a pump capable of pumping at least 50 l/min. Such productivity will allow stocking up water for various household needs and watering the garden;
• The presence of built-in protection - the pump must have a float switch, pressure switch or water flow switch. These devices will significantly extend the life of the unit;
• The size of the water source - each deep water pump has its own dimensions and weight. If the diameter of the well is not large, then the unit must be of the appropriate size so that the owner can safely immerse it in water;
• Pump head - when calculating, it must be taken into account that 1 meter vertically is equal to 10 meters horizontally. To the pressure indicators indicated in the pump passport, another 30 meters must be added. Thus, if the depth of the well is 40 meters, then the pressure created by the unit should be at least 70–80 m.

The method of cooling the device is also of great importance. It is best to buy pumps whose motors are cooled by the working fluid. Such devices do not require special care and frequent checks, as they work almost completely autonomously.

Having bought a suitable pump, you can begin to arrange water supply from a water source. This will require pipes through which water from the well will flow into the house. The diameter of the pipes should be 25–32 mm. Experts advise buying polymer products, as they do not corrode and are easy to bend. Further, in the process of operation, the pipes will be installed in the soil to a depth of 30–50 cm. To arrange water with your own hands, you will also need a septic tank. To make it easier to maintain, you will need to purchase a drainage pump.

Having prepared everything you need, you can get to work. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. First of all, it is necessary to equip the pipe leaving the well with a head;
2. Next, you need to install the caisson. To do this, you will need to dig a hole next to the well and place a plastic container inside it;
3. After that, you need to install the pump in the well. To do this, it is necessary to pull the hose onto its branch pipe and securely fasten it with a metal clamp. After that, the hose, cable and safety cable are tied with electrical tape in increments of 1.2 m. Then the pump housing is tied with a steel cable, and the unit itself is lowered into the water. During installation, the device should not sway, otherwise hitting the wall will cause pump malfunctions;
4. Next, you need to connect the hose to the pipes laid underground. All joints must be treated with sealant and tied with FUM tape;
5. Before burying dug trenches, the water supply should be checked. To do this, you need to start the engine for a while and observe the amount of water flowing from the pipes. If the pump performance does not drop, trenches can be dug in.

It is very important not to damage the unit in the process of lowering it into the well. This must be done very slowly and carefully. Otherwise, an expensive repair of the device may be required, or a complete replacement of the deep pump.

Owners of cottages and private houses are often interested in how to properly connect a pump and a hydraulic accumulator into one whole system. First of all, for this you need to carefully study the equipment connection diagram.


The principle of "pump-check valve-accumulator-pressure sensor" is the simplest and most durable. Such a circuit rarely requires repair, it does not need maintenance and frequent checks, and it works completely autonomously. The essence of this scheme is that the pump pumps water to a system that is connected to a hydraulic accumulator. The pressure sensor in the design is responsible for the correct operation of the pump.

If most beginners do not have questions about the principle of operation of a hydraulic accumulator, then in practice everything turns out to be much more difficult with the installation and connection to the water supply system.

In fact, the accumulator is a reservoir filled with water. Despite the simple design, it plays a rather important role in the water supply system of a private house. In this regard, it is necessary to mount the device very carefully, trying to exclude any possibility of extraneous noise and vibration.

To securely mount the tank on the floor surface, a special rod mechanism should be used, which is equipped with thick rubber pads that dampen vibration. The hydraulic accumulator is connected to the pipeline by means of rubber adapters.

You need to be especially careful with the new tank. Water should enter it under low pressure so that the membrane that has compacted during storage slowly returns to normal working condition. A hydraulic accumulator connected and filled with water is first tested by working under low pressure. Further, the pressure must be gradually increased until the water supply system begins to operate normally.