Coarse water filters

The use of filtration plants has become a necessity due to the current environmental situation. Impurities in the water that comes from the sewer lead to premature wear of equipment. Pre-filters will help you forget about problems.

Types of filters, principles of operation and features

All equipment for rough cleaning is arranged in the same way. The filter has a pipe inside which there is a special mesh that helps to filter out debris, regardless of its size.

In addition, the design provides for the presence of taps to prevent congestion inside the product. Such taps are called mud collectors. Regular cleaning is required, otherwise the service life cannot be extended.

The need for cleaning arises in several cases.

1. For prevention purposes. Work is carried out once every 3-4 months.
2. When the water is turned off.
3. When the sump itself is clogged.

Strainers

They belong to the mechanical varieties of devices. The mesh acts as a cleaning mechanism. The cells have a size in the range of 20-500 microns.

Mesh devices are produced with small dimensions. But the specific choice of model depends on the size of the impurities that require purification; their quantity; on the quality of treated water.

Mesh devices are available in two varieties.

• Non-flushing. They got the name of mud collectors. The filter is detached from the pipes to remove contaminants. And then they take out the mesh and wash it, all the work is done manually.
• Self-cleaning. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that, unlike previous systems, for washing the filter mesh, it is not necessary to dismantle the filter itself, but it is enough to open a special washing valve. There are automatic devices that allow you to fully automate the process of washing such a filter. By variety, such filters come with a plastic and brass body.

Plastic cases are most often purchased if you need to clean only cold water. Well, if the case itself is transparent. Then it will be easier to observe the level of pollution.

But hot water is better cleaned by devices with a body made of brass. Devices last longer if the design has an additional valve responsible for adjusting the inlet pressure.

Such valves help organize additional protection against sudden water hammer. When installing mesh varieties, it is advisable for buyers to provide for an additional drainage line. This is where the liquid is drained after cleaning is completed.

This type has the following advantages:

1. Simple operation and installation.
2. Compact dimensions.
3. Low prices.

Cartridge filters

The replaceable cartridge in this case plays the role of a filter element. It is installed inside a special case. Which itself is made of plastic or metal. In this design, debris and particles with sizes in the range of 0.5-30 microns are easily retained.

If mesh installations do not cope with the work, systems of this type are mounted. Cartridges protect what's inside from dust, microscopic particles.

Installation is carried out on low-pressure (domestic) mains. The removable cartridge is replaced with a new one after it is completely dirty.

If the water is cold, then take a plastic case. For hot coolants, only steel or fiberglass is needed. The larger the volume of liquid being processed, the larger the filters used. But they cost more.

Cartridges are used to retain mechanical impurities, but this is not the main task. Chlorine from liquid is easier to remove if you use charcoal cartridges. Thread or foam cartridges will clean the structure from clay and algae with mud.

Pressure systems for reagent (reagent-free) cleaning

This is a large container. It is filled with a special filter material.

Only materials whose strength is high, with anti-corrosion properties, are used to create column-tanks. A 30-micron degree of cleaning is achieved by the passage of liquid through the internal parts.

Such products are a good solution if a lot of particles pass through the system, a large amount of debris with different dimensions. The hydrotreating process automation unit is placed in the upper part of the structure.

The control block is used to control regenerative processes, frequency and quantity indicators. This mode allows the filter material to recover its properties faster.

Pressure products are mounted in heated rooms, such installations are large in size. But these devices are universal in principle of operation, and they can cope with both mechanical and chemical cleaning.

When the installation of such a system is completed, a drainage outlet or line is installed next.

1. It is better to conduct a laboratory analysis in order to understand how polluted the water is. Based on the results of such an analysis, experts will recommend which product to purchase.
2. How intensively is water used? According to the norms, up to 200 liters are consumed per person per day.
3. The size of the cell or mesh determines the extent to which cleaning is carried out. Sometimes it is more profitable to install two filters in series at once. First there is a large grid, and then a small one. Then the service life increases, as does the frequency of repair work.

In addition, it is necessary to rely on the following several characteristics: cross-sectional diameter, type of connection, permissible limits for temperature and pressure, degree of water purification, throughput.

Mounting. How and where is it held?

To protect the structure, they are installed on a common pipe when entering an apartment or house, or immediately after the section where the shutoff valves go.

When organizing the installation of such structures, buyers are advised to pay attention to the following little things.

• On the case, manufacturers draw arrows showing where the liquid goes. This must be taken into account during installation.
• Down you need to direct the mud collectors or protruding parts on the body.
• Only on horizontal sections of the water supply system a direct mesh type is mounted.
• Installation of bypass lines for cleaning. Then the flow of liquid without problems goes in the opposite direction. This simplifies the cleaning process.
• It is important to follow all instructions if the manufacturer's instructions are included with the filter.

Change filters and clean. We repair the system

Depreciation of the cleaning element, accumulation of dirt are natural processes for equipment that is actively used. Prevention is necessary, otherwise the service life of the equipment will not increase. Depending on the type of cleaning element, connection scheme, cleaning is carried out in several ways.

• Cleaning is not needed if the cartridge type of installation is operated. For a certain time, the cartridge simply changes to a new one.
• In several steps, mesh models are cleaned if there is no flushing scheme. First, the water supply to the filter is shut off. The sump cover is opened using wrenches. The grid is taken out, the dirt merges into a bucket.
• Next, the mesh is gently blown, washed with water. If there is damage, the part is replaced with a new one.
• When flushing is completed, assembly is carried out, with the reverse sequence of actions. The main thing is to pay attention to paranitic and rubber gaskets.
• Filter cleaning is also carried out using flushing systems. They shut off the water supply to the dwelling, before and after the filter. The return feed opens. Next, the filter or plug opens. The grid is washed with a strong pressure of water. The job takes 5 minutes maximum.

About the varieties of cartridges for cleaning filters

Each type of cartridge performs different functions. Models can be double, some are capable of performing several functions at once.

Most often, activated carbon and ion-exchange resin are used as fillers. Coal plays the role of an absorbent, it absorbs impurities with harmful substances. The ion exchange resin works in such a way that substances with harmful properties are replaced inside the system with harmless ones.

Moreover, all the described materials are loose. If the cartridge is of high quality, then it is equipped with gaskets that protect the mass from contamination, and diffusers that organize a uniform distribution.

Products of reel and bulk varieties are produced. They are made from argon, non-woven polypropylene. The latter type of material is capable of filtering compounds of both organic and inorganic types. With such fillers inside, the cartridges are installed inside a transparent flask, which facilitates constant monitoring of the level of contamination.

The following 4 types of cartridges are produced:

• Adsorption.
• Ion exchange.
• Membrane.
• Osmotic.

More about each type

Adsorption chambers are filled only with activated carbon. But the quality of cleaning decreases with further operation of such equipment. Adsorption cartridges have a short service life. If you do not replace it on time, dirt penetrates into the composition of the water.

Replacement, which takes 2-3 hours, is the main advantage of this variety. Such cleaning systems are easily transferred from one place to another. And keep prices affordable. The design of the filter depends on how long this product will last.

• Under the sink works on 7.5 thousand liters.
• Pitchers handle 750 liters.
• Nozzles on cranes without problems work up to 1 thousand liters.

Ion-exchange filters are designed in such a way that they replace one substance with another - with a dangerous composition for less dangerous ones. But the period of effective use of such devices is very short. But after purification, the water becomes pleasant to the taste. But cores and hypertensive patients are not recommended to use water that has passed through ion-exchange filters.

Filtration is carried out at a speed of 5 liters per minute. In a few minutes, the removal of chemical compounds in which magnesium and calcium are present is organized. A mandatory requirement is the installation of a sorption, reverse osmosis housing in front of the filter.

Membrane varieties - a molecular sieve of cells enclosed in a membrane. Productivity increases if the diameter of the pores and membranes match. The membrane takes on the entire volume of liquid. The degree of purification up to 90 percent and a long service life are the advantages of systems of this type. But organics, insoluble substances do not pass through them. Membrane cartridges are capable of processing 15 thousand liters of water.

Osmotic type cartridges are considered more efficient than others.

The frequency of repair and replacement work depends on how intensively the water supply system is used at this facility. And on how many harmful impurities enter the fluid flow. Orientation to the indicators of pressure relief from the tap, pressure gauge readings before and after the filters is acceptable.

Installing coarse water filters is not such a complicated procedure. It is difficult only to choose high-quality equipment that can last up to several decades. It is better to consult with Alfatep store employees, then it is easier to take into account all the properties characteristic of the equipment. This also determines the safety of expensive household appliances that are already working at the facility.