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Economical heating system for a country house based on a solid fuel boiler, from “A” to “Z.” Connection diagram for a solid fuel heating boiler for a private house Heating diagram for a cast iron boiler

Unlike electric and gas heating units, solid fuel boilers are almost never equipped with circulation pumps, a safety group, or adjustment and control devices. Everyone solves these issues independently, choosing a heating device piping scheme in accordance with the type and features of the heating system. Not only the efficiency and performance of heating, but also its reliable, trouble-free operation depends on how correctly the heat generator is installed. That is why it is important to include in the diagram components and devices that will ensure the durability of the heating unit and its protection in the event of emergency situations.

In addition, when installing a solid fuel boiler, you should not give up equipment that creates additional convenience and comfort. you can solve the problem of temperature differences when rebooting the boiler, and an indirect heating boiler will provide the house with hot water. Have you thought about connecting a solid fuel heating unit according to all the rules? We will help you with this!

Typical wiring diagrams for solid fuel boilers

The opinion that a solid fuel boiler is an obsolete unit covered with dirt and soot is wrong, isn’t it?

The complexity of controlling the combustion process in solid fuel boilers leads to high inertia of the heating system, which negatively affects the convenience and safety during operation. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the efficiency of units of this type directly depends on the temperature of the coolant. For efficient heating operation, the piping must ensure the temperature of the thermal agent is within 60 - 65 ° C. Of course, if the equipment is not integrated correctly, such heating at above-zero temperatures “overboard” will be very uncomfortable and uneconomical. In addition, the full operation of the heat generator depends on a number of additional factors - the type of heating system, the number of circuits, the presence of additional energy consumers, etc. The ones presented below take into account the most common cases. If none of them meets your requirements, then knowledge of the principles and structural features of heating systems will help in developing an individual project.

Open type system with natural circulation in a private house

First of all, it should be noted that open gravity-type systems are considered the most suitable for solid fuel boilers. This is due to the fact that even in emergency cases associated with a sharp increase in temperature and pressure, the heating will most likely remain sealed and operational. It is also important that the functionality of the heating equipment does not depend on the availability of power. Considering that wood-burning boilers are installed not in megacities, but in areas remote from the benefits of civilization, this factor will not seem so insignificant to you. Of course, this scheme is not without its drawbacks, the main ones being:

free access of oxygen to the system, which causes internal corrosion of pipes;
the need to replenish the coolant level due to its evaporation;
uneven temperature of the thermal agent at the beginning and end of each circuit.

A layer of any mineral oil 1–2 cm thick, poured into the expansion tank, will prevent oxygen from entering the coolant and reduce the rate of evaporation of the liquid.

Despite its shortcomings, the gravity scheme is very popular due to its simplicity, reliability and low cost.

Installation diagram of a solid fuel unit in an open heating system

When deciding to install using this method, keep in mind that for normal coolant circulation, the boiler inlet must be at least 0.5 m below the heating radiators. The supply and return pipes must have slopes for normal coolant circulation. In addition, it is important to correctly calculate the hydrodynamic resistance of all branches of the system, and during the design process try to reduce the number of shut-off and control valves. The correct operation of the system with natural coolant circulation also depends on the installation location of the expansion tank - it must be connected at the highest point.

Closed system with natural circulation

Installation on the return line will avoid the harmful effects of oxygen and eliminate the need to control the coolant level.

Design of membrane expansion tank

When deciding to equip a gravity system with a sealed expansion tank, consider the following points:

the capacity of the membrane tank must contain at least 10% of the volume of the entire coolant;
a safety valve must be installed on the supply pipe;
the highest point of the system must be equipped with an air vent.

Additional devices that are included in the boiler safety group (safety valve and air vent) will have to be purchased separately - manufacturers very rarely equip units with such devices.

The safety valve allows the coolant to be discharged if the pressure in the system exceeds a critical value. A normal operating indicator is considered to be a pressure of 1.5 to 2 atm. The emergency valve is set to 3 atm.

You will learn more about this system in our next article:.

Features of systems with forced coolant movement

In order to equalize the temperature in all areas, a circulation pump is integrated into the closed heating system. Since this unit can provide forced movement of the coolant, the requirements for the level of installation of the boiler and compliance with slopes become negligible. However, you should not give up the autonomy of natural heating. If a bypass branch is installed at the outlet of the boiler, then in the event of a power outage, the circulation of the thermal agent will be ensured by gravitational forces.

The use of a bypass will allow, if necessary, to switch to the natural method of coolant circulation

The electric pump is installed on the return line, between the expansion tank and the inlet fitting. Thanks to the lower coolant temperature, the pump operates in a more gentle mode, which increases its durability.

Video: Tying a solid fuel boiler

Correct installation of a solid fuel boiler in a closed heating system

A huge advantage of solid fuel boilers is that their installation does not require any permits. It is quite possible to carry out the installation yourself, especially since this does not require any special tools or special knowledge. The main thing is to approach the work responsibly and follow the order of all stages.

Boiler room arrangement

The disadvantage of heating units used to burn wood and coal is the need for a special, well-ventilated room. Of course, it would be possible to install a boiler in the kitchen or bathroom, however, periodic emissions of smoke and soot, dirt from fuel and combustion products make this idea unsuitable for implementation. In addition, installing burning equipment in living rooms is also unsafe - the release of fumes can lead to tragedy.

A solid fuel boiler is best installed outside residential premises

When installing a heat generator in a boiler room, several rules are followed:

the distance from the combustion door to the wall must be at least 1 m;
ventilation ducts must be installed at a distance no higher than 50 cm from the floor and no lower than 40 cm from the ceiling;
There should be no fuel, lubricants or flammable substances and objects in the room;
The base area in front of the ash pit is protected with a metal sheet measuring at least 0.5 x 0.7 m.

In addition, at the location where the boiler is installed, an opening is provided for the chimney, which is led outside. Manufacturers indicate the configuration and dimensions of the chimney in the technical data sheet, so there is no need to invent anything. Of course, if the need arises, you can deviate from the documentation requirements, but in any case, the channel for removing combustion products must provide excellent traction in any weather.

How to properly install a chimney

When installing a chimney, all connections and cracks are sealed with sealing materials, and windows are also provided for cleaning the channels from soot and a condensate catcher.

Preparing to install a heating unit

Before installing the boiler, select a piping scheme, calculate the length and diameter of the pipelines, the number of radiators, the type and quantity of additional equipment and shut-off and control valves.

Despite all the variety of design solutions, experts recommend choosing combined heating, which can also provide natural circulation of the coolant. Therefore, when making calculations, it is necessary to consider how a parallel section of the supply pipeline (bypass) with a centrifugal pump will be installed and to provide for the slopes necessary for the operation of the gravity system. You shouldn’t give up on buffer capacity either. Of course, its installation will entail additional costs. However, a storage tank of this type will be able to level out the temperature curve, and one load of fuel will last for a longer time.

Connecting the boiler to a heating system with a dual-purpose buffer tank

Particular comfort will be provided by a heat accumulator with an additional circuit, which is used for hot water supply. Considering the fact that due to the installation of a solid fuel unit in a separate room, the length of the hot water circuit increases significantly, an additional circulation pump is installed on it. This will eliminate the need to drain cold water while waiting for hot water to flow.

Before installing the boiler, it is imperative to provide space and not forget about devices designed to reduce pressure in the system in critical situations. A simple strapping diagram that can be used as a working design is shown in our drawing. It combines all the equipment discussed above and ensures its correct and trouble-free operation.

You will learn even more information about the arrangement of the boiler room and installation of equipment from our article:.

Installation and connection of a solid fuel heat generator

After carrying out all the necessary calculations and preparing the equipment and materials, installation begins.

The heating unit is installed in place, leveled and secured, after which the chimney is connected to it.
Heating radiators are mounted, a heat accumulator and an expansion tank are installed.
A supply pipeline and a bypass are installed, on which a centrifugal pump is installed. Ball valves are installed in both sections (direct and bypass) so that the coolant can be transported by forced or natural means.
We remind you that the centrifugal pump can only be installed with the correct orientation of the shaft, which must be in a horizontal plane. The manufacturer indicates diagrams of all possible installation options in the product instructions.
The pressure line is connected to the heat accumulator. It must be said that both the inlet and outlet pipes of the buffer tank must be installed in its upper part. Thanks to this, the amount of warm water in the container will not affect the readiness of the heating circuit. We definitely note the fact that cooling the boiler during the reboot period will reduce the temperature in the system. This is due to the fact that at this time the heat generator will work as an air heat exchanger, transferring heat from the heating system to the chimney. To eliminate this shortcoming, separate circulation pumps are installed in the boiler and heating circuits. By placing a thermocouple in the combustion zone, you can stop the movement of coolant through the boiler circuit when the fire dies out.
Installing separate pumps on the boiler and heat exchange circuits can solve the problem of heat leakage through the boiler when it cools down
A safety valve and an air vent are installed on the supply line.
Connect the emergency circuit of the boiler or install shut-off and control valves, which, when the water boils, will open the main line for its discharge into the sewer and the channel for supplying cold liquid from the water supply.
Install a return pipeline from the heat accumulator to the heating unit. A circulation pump, a three-way valve and a settling filter are installed in front of the boiler inlet pipe.
An expansion tank is mounted separately on the return pipeline.
Note! Shut-off valves are not installed on pipelines that are connected to protection devices. These areas should have as few connections as possible.
The upper outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to a three-way valve and the circulation pump of the heating circuit, after which the radiators are connected and the return pipeline is installed.
After connecting the main circuits, they begin to install a hot water supply system. If the heat exchanger coil is built into a buffer tank, then it will be enough to simply connect the cold water inlet and the outlet to the “hot” line to the corresponding pipes. When installing a separate indirect heating water heater, use a circuit with an additional circulation pump or three-way valve. In both cases, a check valve is installed at the cold water supply inlet. It will block the path for heated liquid into the “cold” water supply.
Some solid fuel boilers are equipped with a draft regulator, the function of which is to reduce the flow area of the blower. Due to this, the air flow into the combustion zone is reduced and its intensity, and, accordingly, the temperature of the coolant is reduced. If the heating unit has this design, then install and adjust the drive of the air damper mechanism.
Installing an automatic draft regulator will allow you to control the fuel combustion process

The places of all threaded connections must be carefully sealed using plumbing flax and a special non-drying paste.

After installation is completed, coolant is poured into the system, centrifugal pumps are turned on at full power and all connections are carefully inspected for leaks. After making sure that there are no leaks, fire up the boiler and check the operation of all circuits at maximum modes.

Features of integrating a solid fuel unit into an open heating system

The main feature of open heating systems is the contact of the coolant with atmospheric air, which occurs with the participation of an expansion tank. This container is designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the coolant that occurs when it is heated. The expander is installed at the highest point of the system, and in order to prevent hot liquid from flooding the room when the tank is overfilled, a drain tube is connected to its upper part, the other end of which is discharged into the sewer.

Open type expansion tank design

The large volume of the tank forces it to be installed in the attic, so additional insulation of the expander and the pipes suitable for it will be required, otherwise they may freeze in winter. In addition, you must remember that this element is part of the heating system, so its heat losses will lead to a decrease in the temperature in the radiators.

Since the open system is not sealed, there is no need to install a safety valve or connect emergency circuits. When the coolant boils, the pressure will be released through the expansion tank.

Special attention should be paid to pipelines. Since the water in them will flow by gravity, the circulation will be influenced by the diameter of the pipes and the hydraulic resistance in the system. The last factor depends on turns, narrowings, level changes, etc., so their number should be minimal. In order to initially impart the necessary potential energy to the water flow, a vertical riser is installed at the outlet of the boiler. The higher the water can rise along it, the higher the coolant speed will be and the faster the radiators will warm up. For the same purposes, the return inlet should be located at the lowest point of the heating system.

Finally, I would like to note that in open systems it is preferable to use water rather than antifreeze. This is due to higher viscosity, reduced heat capacity and rapid aging of the substance upon contact with air. As for the water, it is best to soften it and, if possible, never drain it. This will increase the service life of pipelines, radiators, heat generators and other heating equipment several times.

Pay attention to the article on choosing coolants for heating systems:.

Video: Connecting a solid fuel boiler with your own hands

As you can see, the choice of boiler integration scheme depends on many factors, including the features of the heating system and the need to install additional equipment. If you have successfully understood all the nuances, then you can safely get to work. Finally, I would like to note that heating is one of the most complex and critical engineering systems. If you don't have confidence in your own abilities, don't experiment. Remember that installation errors will sooner or later result in serious problems, so do not hesitate to ask specialists for advice.

Any modern solid fuel boiler is characterized by high efficiency, and therefore with its help you can maintain the temperature in the room at the desired level and save on energy consumption. However, achieving maximum heat transfer from the heating circuit in the house and achieving the efficiency of the heating system as a whole will only be possible through the correct piping of a solid fuel heating boiler. The strapping pattern may be different. The choice is based on the financial capabilities of the owner of the house or apartment, and the geometry of the premises itself.

What is the correct heating scheme with a solid fuel boiler?

This is how heaters using wood, coal, briquettes or pellets are connected.

The heating circuit of a private house with a solid fuel boiler is a combination of heating elements, additional devices to the boiler and heating circuit, structural units of the wiring itself, which together form the house heating system with its operating characteristics. A complete heating system includes a boiler, heating elements (radiators, pipes, heated towel rails, etc.), control and safety devices, an expansion tank, etc. A correctly executed circuit is a heating circuit that complies with modern state standards and regulations.

List of basic state standards according to which the installation of solid fuel heating boilers in a private home is carried out:

state building standards and basic regulations on residential buildings from 2005;
state standard on devices operating on solid fuel from 1995;
state standard, which describes heating elements with a capacity of 100 kW (1993);
building regulations on heating and air conditioning systems for residential buildings (1991);
construction standards on motor ship networks.

Anyone who intends to connect solid fuel boilers to the heating system on their own must familiarize themselves with the above documents and adhere to the standards specified in them during the work.

The ideal option is to rely on specialists. They not only know all the necessary requirements for successful installation of the system, but also have relevant experience in this matter. They will do everything in the best possible way.

Basic wiring diagrams for a solid fuel boiler

The drawing according to which the heating will be made depends on the number of circuits of the heating element itself, the geometry and area of the room where the circuit will be located, and the presence of additional and auxiliary devices.

Heating with solid fuel boiler, circuit diagram:

open with gravity circulation;
closed with natural circulation;
closed with forced circulation;
collector type.

Regardless of which connection diagram for a solid fuel heating boiler is chosen, the circuit must be organized correctly. The temperature delta of water at the inlet and outlet of the system should not exceed +20 degrees. Otherwise, side effects will occur. Condensation forms on the heat exchanger, which leads to corrosion of the latter.

Open circuit with gravitational coolant circulation"> Open circuit with gravitational coolant circulation

This is the easiest way to tie, which you can do yourself. In this case, the movement of coolant through the system occurs due to the difference in density of cold and hot water. The heated coolant flows upward, since its density is low. As it cools, the density of the liquid increases, and therefore the coolant sinks down.

Gravity circuit with open expansion tank.

This installation scheme for a solid fuel heating boiler requires compliance with a number of rules. So, for complete circulation of the coolant in the system, the heating equipment must be installed below the level of the radiators by at least 0.5 m, and the expansion tank must be located at the highest point of the circuit. To reduce the hydraulic resistance of the system, choose pipes with a diameter of up to 50 mm (for distribution pipes to radiators, a pipe diameter of up to 25 mm is sufficient). A large number of locking devices and fittings significantly impair the circulation of the coolant, and therefore their number should be kept to a minimum.

The heating scheme for a private house with an open-type solid fuel boiler with natural circulation has a significant advantage in its simplicity and low cost. However, here it is impossible to control the coolant temperature at the boiler outlet, which generally reduces the efficiency of the circuit. Through oxygen enters the coolant. It leads to corrosion of the heating circuit itself and the boiler heat exchanger. A similar heating scheme with a solid fuel boiler, in particular, can be considered as a budget option for a house that is visited from time to time.

Closed heating system with natural circulation"> Closed heating system with natural circulation

If you need an inexpensive but high-quality piping for a solid fuel heating boiler, the diagram indicated above is the best option. A closed gravity system works due to the difference in density between hot and cold water. Due to its simplicity, the circuit is inexpensive to install and subsequently maintain, and is durable. The closed safety tank prevents free oxygen from entering inside. As a result, pipes, radiators and the boiler heat exchanger are less susceptible to corrosion.

Gravity circuit with sealed expansion tank.

In addition to the main heating element (boiler), expansion tank, membrane tank, there is “ ", which makes home heating efficient and safe with a solid fuel boiler. The circuit is complemented by a pressure gauge (pressure control inside the circuit) and a safety valve (pressure is released through it).

Disadvantages: it is impossible to control the temperature of the coolant at the outlet, the heating efficiency as a whole decreases, since the coolant moves naturally.

Closed system plus circulation pump"> Closed system plus circulation pump

Such an installation of solid fuel heating boilers in a private home is considered energy efficient and cost-effective. Here the efficiency of the circuit increases due to the high heat transfer of the coolant. The volume of water in the system decreases, which reduces energy consumption for heating it. In a closed system with forced circulation, there is no need to install large-diameter pipes, since hydraulic resistance to the coolant helps overcome the circulation pump. Important The coolant itself does not evaporate. After all, a sealed membrane tank is installed in the system. The closed piping of a solid fuel heating boiler prevents the formation of corrosion inside the system, which extends its service life.

A circuit in which the coolant does not come into contact with air.

The disadvantages include energy dependence (when the electricity is turned off, the circulation pump stops working) and expensive installation; only a specialist can correctly connect a solid fuel boiler to a closed-type heating system, and you need to pay for his services.

A characteristic feature of the closed type piping is the circulation pump. It forces the coolant to move through the system, thereby increasing the heat transfer of heating pipes and radiators. The operation of the pump is controlled by a temperature sensor. The pump is always installed on a pipe through which the cooled coolant returns to the boiler. In this case, the service life of the equipment is significantly extended. Installation of a solid fuel boiler and a heating system with forced circulation of coolant is carried out in houses and apartments that are constantly used.

Collector circuit"> Collector circuit

It is difficult for an untrained person to make a manifold connection for a solid fuel heating boiler on his own, and therefore the services of a specialist are necessary here. However, this method of heating a house is considered energy efficient. The explanation is simple: each radiator or any other device for transferring heat from the coolant to the air in the room is connected to the circuit individually through a collector. The latter device plays the role of a kind of coolant distributor and has the form of a large-diameter pipe, from which there are outlets to each battery in the house.

The collector wiring is very convenient and practical.

Don’t know how to install a collector heating system on a solid fuel boiler? The scheme is quite complicated for a person without the appropriate education and experience. That is why the services of a specialist are simply necessary here.

The advantage of collector wiring is that it can be used to control the temperature of each radiator in the house. After all, the batteries are connected individually. This is convenient if one of the heating devices breaks down. To replace it, you do not need to completely turn off the heating in the house. On the other hand, if one of the rooms in the house is not used, it can not be heated at all, cutting off the flow of coolant. to each battery is performed under a rough floor screed, which improves the aesthetic characteristics of the interior and additionally heats the floor. The collector system allows you to create several circuits in the house with different temperature conditions, since you can connect a solid fuel heating boiler using a hydraulic arrow.

Selecting a connection diagram for a solid fuel heating device

When organizing a heating system at home, it is not enough to have a drawing of a solid fuel heating boiler in front of you. In this case, you need to decide on the type of heating circuit for the house. To solve the problem, experts today offer several options. These are open and closed wiring with forced and natural circulation. The open contour is suitable for a summer house or holiday home. Forced circulation will help maintain the air temperature at the desired level in ordinary residential buildings, while allowing significant savings on energy consumption. Collector wiring is a new type of home heating that allows you to create your own temperature regime in each individual room. However, if you don’t know how to connect a solid fuel heating boiler to the collector circuit, trust the work only to specialists, because the wiring itself is difficult to perform.

If you have questions about how to install a solid fuel heating boiler, the video below will help you understand some aspects of the job.

A good option is wood-gas combined heating boilers or two boilers, one of which runs on solid fuel and the other on gas.

Any of these two options makes it possible to obtain heat in the case when there is no firewood left in the firebox, but there is still gas in the cylinder. It is better to combine two different boilers because the network will work constantly, even if one of the devices breaks down. If the gas-wood device breaks down, the system stops working and the room will be cold.

Difficulties in using two boilers in one system

The main difficulty is that gas boilers for a private home must operate in a closed system, while the safest for solid fuel devices is an open one. is in demand because the boiler can heat water to 110 °C or more, raising the pressure above permissible limits.

It can be lowered by reducing the intensity of combustion. But the effect will be visible when the coals burn completely. Even when burning low, they are very hot and continue to heat the water, increasing the pressure.

In such a situation, you need to relieve pressure. Copes with this task open type expansion tank. When its volume is not enough, water is discharged into the sewer through a pipe installed between the tank and the sewer. This tank allows air to enter the coolant. This is bad for the internal elements of the gas boiler, pipes, etc. Solutions to the problem:

A combination of a closed and open heating system using a heat accumulator.
Organization of a closed system for a wood or pellet boiler using a special safety group. In this case, two units are connected in parallel and operate both in pairs and separately.

Read also: Advantages of the Popov boiler

Connection with heat accumulator

The idea of using a heat accumulator lies in the following nuances:

A gas boiler receiving gas from a cylinder and heating devices form one closed system. It includes a heat accumulator.
Gas-generating boilers using wood, coal or pellets are also connected to a heat accumulator. But the water heated by them gives off heat to the heat accumulator, and then it is transferred to the coolant, which circulates through a closed system.

To make such a harness with your own hands you need to have:

Open expansion tank.
A hose that will be located between the tank and the sewer.
Shut-off valves (13 pcs).
Circulation pump (2 pcs).
Three-way valve.
Filter for water purification.
Pipes made of steel or polypropylene.

The circuit can operate in four modes:

From a wood-burning boiler with degrees transferred through a heat accumulator.
From the same boiler with bypass of the heat accumulator (the gas device will be turned off).
From a gas boiler that can receive gas from a cylinder.
From both boilers.

Organization of an open system with a heat accumulator

Do-it-yourself installation of shut-off valves on two fittings of a wood-burning boiler.
Connecting the expansion tank. It must be placed so that it is higher than all the trim elements. The pressure under which a solid fuel boiler supplies water often exceeds the pressure under which coolant is supplied from a gas boiler connected to the cylinder. To equalize these values, you need to correctly configure the open expansion tank.
Installation of taps on the pipes of the heat accumulator.
Connection and boiler with two pipes.
Connecting two tubes to pipes located between the heat accumulator and the boiler. They are installed near the taps, which are located near the battery fittings, or at a short distance from the shut-off valves. Shut-off valves are mounted on these tubes. Thanks to these pipes, it will be possible to use a solid fuel boiler bypassing the heat accumulator.
Jumper insert. It connects the supply and return pipes located between the wood-burning boiler for the home and the heat accumulator. This jumper is attached to the supply line by welding or using fittings, and to the return line using a three-way valve. A small circle is formed through which the coolant will circulate until it heats up to 60 °C. Afterwards, the water will move in a large circle through the heat accumulator.
Connecting the filter and pump. Their mounted on the return line in the place between the three-way valve and the boiler heat exchanger pipe A. To do this, a U-shaped tube is connected in parallel to the line, in the middle of which there is a pump with a filter. There should be taps before and after these elements. This solution allows you to make a path along which the coolant will move in the event of a lack of electricity.

Closed system with heat accumulator

There is no need to connect a device similar to an expansion tank because the gas boiler connected to the network or cylinder already includes a diaphragm expansion tank and also a safety valve.

To make this diagram correctly, you need:

Connect a tap and a pipe to the supply fitting of the gas device, which will be suitable for the heating radiators.
Install a circulation pump on this pipe in front of the heating devices.
Connect heating devices with your own hands.
Take a pipe from them that will go to the boiler. At its end, at a short distance from the gas unit, which is powered by a gas cylinder, you need to install a shut-off valve.
Connect two tubes to the supply and return lines, which will approach y. The first must be connected before the circulation pump, the second - immediately after the radiators. Shut-off valves are installed on both pipes. Two tubes are connected to these pipes, which were cut into the open system before entering and after leaving the heat accumulator.

Closed system with two boilers

This scheme provides parallel connection of two boilers. Particular attention is paid to group security. Instead of an open expansion tank, a closed membrane tank is installed in a special room.

The security group consists of:

Air bleed valve.
Safety valve to reduce pressure.
Pressure gauge.

The binding is done according to the following scheme:

Shut-off valves are installed at the outlets of the heat exchangers of both boilers.
A security group is installed with your own hands on the supply line that departs from. The distance between it and the valve may be small.
Connect the supply pipes of both boilers. In this case, before connecting, a jumper is inserted into the line that extends from the solid fuel boiler for the home (to organize a small circle). The insertion point can be located at a distance of 1-2 m from the boiler. A check flapper valve is installed at a short distance from the jumper. If the wood boiler stops working, the coolant under pressure created by the gas cylinder-operated unit will not be able to move along the supply line towards the solid fuel device.
The supply line is connected to heating radiators located in different rooms and at different distances from each other.
Install the return line. It should be located between the batteries and boilers. In one place it is divided into two pipes. One of them will fit the gas boiler. on her a spring return valve is installed in front of the unit. The other pipe must be suitable for the solid fuel boiler. The above jumper is connected to it. A three-way valve is used for connection.
Before branching the return line, it is worth installing a membrane tank and a circulation pump.

Installing a solid fuel boiler (SF) can significantly reduce home heating costs. With the right approach, you can save not only during operation, but also at the stage of installation work, doing it yourself.

The basic requirements and subtleties of installing boiler equipment will be discussed in this publication.

Boiler room: convenience or necessity?

in a private house does not require special permits and can be carried out manually, but you should be prepared to arrange a combustion chamber: separate, well-ventilated, in compliance with all fire safety rules. Now about everything in more detail.

Important! Based on SNiP 42-01-2002. A separate boiler room is required for heating equipment with a capacity of more than 60 kW. With lower power, the equipment can be installed in the kitchen of the house. In this case, the volume of the room must be at least 15 m3, and the ceiling height must be at least 2.5 m.

Despite some financial investments, most homeowners

It's all about the possible release of carbon monoxide and dirt from the use of solid fuel.

Important! If you plan to use a solid fuel boiler system with a power from 60 to 150 kW, then installation can be carried out in any separate room of the house (and on any floor), with a volume of at least 15 m 3. If the power of the boiler unit exceeds 150 kW, then installation should be carried out in an extension or a separate room on the first (or basement) floor. The volume of the boiler room is at least 15m3.

There are a few general requirements to pay attention to. The combustion chamber must:

have a window for ventilation. The glazing area is standardized: 0.03m2 / 1m3 of room volume.
be equipped with a smoke exhaust system;
be equipped with a ventilation, sewerage and water supply system;

Foundation

It is necessary to say a few words about the base on which TT equipment is installed.

For boiler units with a power of up to 50 kW, a screed can be used as a base.
For equipment with a power of more than 50 kW, a separate concrete foundation is required, not connected to the foundation of the house.
The foundation must protrude at least 250 mm beyond the boiler installation.

in a wooden house there are no special requirements, with the exception of the use of floor materials. The TT boiler unit cannot be installed on a wooden base.

Advice: If a wooden house does not have a separate foundation for a boiler installation, then it can be made from fire-resistant bricks, on which a sheet of asbestos and metal is laid. The base must be larger than the boiler TT (minimum) by 150 mm. from each side. In front of the loading door, the metal must extend at least 200 mm beyond the heating installation.

The problem is associated with the large weight of powerful heating units and the vibration loads that boilers equipped with a screw conveyor for fuel supply exert on the TT support.

Important! To ensure the required fire resistance (45 min.), combustion chambers must be made of non-combustible materials.

Ventilation

The key to proper fuel combustion in heating equipment is high-quality and reliable natural combustion, which is calculated based on the power of the boiler installation and the dimensions of the combustion room. In most cases, for boiler equipment with a power of up to 35 kW, it is enough to organize:

inlet with a grille, cross-section 300/300 mm in the lower part of the wall opposite from the boiler)
exhaust vent with grille, cross-section 400/400 mm at a height of no more than 30 cm from the ceiling.

Important! A supply and exhaust ventilation system in a boiler room is necessary: during the combustion of fuel, a vacuum is created, which is compensated by the supply air. An exhaust hood is needed to remove combustion products that have entered the furnace room.

Let's digress a little, because we want to inform you that we have compiled a rating of solid fuel boilers by model. You can learn more from the following materials:

Chimney

Any boiler equipment in which thermal energy is produced by burning fuel must be equipped with a smoke exhaust. As a rule, a smoke shaft is laid at the design stage of the building. If a stationary chimney is not provided in the furnace room, then it should be installed independently. Most often, stainless steel sandwich modules are used for this, which are double-walled, insulated sections of the chimney that are easily assembled into a single structure.

The figure shows three options for arranging a chimney for a TT boiler installation.

Basic requirements for the chimney:

The cross-section of the smoke exhaust pipe must be constant throughout its entire length. For household models this is 150 - 200 mm 2.
Bends and slopes of the chimney are not allowed. In case of emergency, a displacement of no more than 1 m is allowed with a site slope of no more than 30°.
The joints of sections (sandwich modules) should not pass inside the ceiling.
The height of the chimney must ensure a vacuum in the boiler of at least 10 Pa.

Important: Modern roofing materials provide a high fire resistance limit. To prevent fires, it is recommended to equip chimneys with a spark arrester.

Stages of installation work

Issues related to the boiler room were discussed above: organizing the installation site of the TT boiler, ventilation and smoke removal systems. So, how to install a solid fuel boiler in your home?

Remove the original packaging and assemble the equipment according to the documentation.

Advice: Do not install or connect automation and attachments until the boiler unit is completely installed on the foundation.

Place the boiler on the prepared base so that the flue gas pipe is opposite the smoke exhaust duct.
Secure the unit to the foundation using a level.
Connect the CT heat generator to the smoke exhaust system.
Install a fan and automation on the boiler unit.

The connection diagram for a solid fuel boiler to a gravity-type heating system is as follows: “supply” and “return” are connected directly to the boiler unit. At the “supply”, a safety group is installed, consisting of a pressure gauge, a blast valve and an air vent. The expansion tank is mounted at the highest point of the heating system. The main advantage of this scheme is energy independence.

Connecting a solid fuel boiler to a closed heating system with forced circulation requires the presence of a three-way valve, which will prevent low-temperature coolant from entering the boiler installation.

One of the options for this scheme may include an indirect heating boiler to create a domestic hot water system for the cottage. A popular solution in a scheme with a TT boiler is the use of a heat accumulator. This scheme can be implemented in conjunction with an indirect heating boiler and a “warm floor” circuit.

As a conclusion: Based on SNiP, after connecting to communications and piping the boiler unit, it is necessary to carry out hydraulic tests under a pressure of 1.3 kg/cm 2. Only after inspecting the system for leaks and inspecting the boiler can a test run of the equipment and adjustment of the thermostat be carried out.

Installing a solid fuel boiler in a private home does not require special knowledge or specific work, but we strongly recommend entrusting this work to professionals. The durability of the equipment and the microclimate in your home depend on proper installation.

Content

What is harnessing, its tasks and types
Tying according to the scheme with natural circulation
Forced circulation heating system
Piping using a backup boiler

Introduction

The heating system, in addition to the solid fuel boiler, contains many more elements. Correctly connecting and setting up all elements of this system is not an easy task. In this article we will analyze various connection schemes, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, and analyze various nuances and subtleties. I hope this article will help you safely and effectively tie up a solid fuel boiler with your own hands.

What is harnessing, its tasks and types

So what is a harness? This is the name for the process of most efficiently and safely connecting a solid fuel boiler to the home heating system.

To extend the service life and ensure safe operation of a solid fuel boiler, it is necessary to control parameters such as pressure and temperature to avoid overheating. Steel heat exchangers, among other things, are sensitive to the temperature of the coolant in the return line, which should not be lower than 50-65 degrees Celsius. Using colder water in the return line is fraught with condensation, which shortens the life of the heat exchanger.

So, how to properly tie a solid fuel boiler? There are several basic schemes:

with natural circulation;
with forced circulation;
using a backup heating source.

Photo 1: Wiring of a solid fuel boiler and a spare electric boiler

Let's take a closer look at each of them, determine the list of devices necessary to organize each of the circuits, as well as the pros and cons inherent in these circuits.

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Tying according to the scheme with natural circulation

The easiest way is to piping a solid fuel heating boiler - a scheme with natural circulation. It does not require power supply. Water circulation is carried out by gravity. That is why it is also called gravitational.

Photo 2: Gravity-type strapping diagram

The solid fuel boiler is located at the lowest point of the circuit, and the heating device (for example, a radiator) is at the top. The boiler heats the water, which rises through pipes to the radiator, where it transfers part of its heat to the room and at the same time cools. The cooled coolant goes down and the circle closes. The specific gravity of the cooled coolant is greater than that of the hot one, so it tends downward. This creates pressure and circulates water in the heating system.

The more the temperatures in the forward and return lines differ, the higher the speed of water movement along the circuit. But unfortunately, it is difficult to achieve a big difference since the temperatures in the supply and return lines are limited, as well as by the safe operating conditions. Therefore, to ensure better circulation, larger diameter pipes are used.

To protect against overheating, a special circuit is used, which ensures circulation of the coolant and heat consumption in any case.

Protection against the formation of excess pressure is provided by the expansion tank. There are two types of them: open and membrane type. The disadvantage of using open tanks is that the water in it is enriched with oxygen, which in turn causes corrosion of the steel parts of the solid fuel boiler. That is why, most often, open tanks are used in conjunction with cast iron boilers and radiators. When using a membrane tank, it becomes necessary to connect additional equipment, such as an air vent, a relief valve and a pressure gauge to control pressure.

Photo 3: Self-piping of a solid fuel boiler

To provide hot water supply, a heating tank is used. For safety reasons, it must be equipped with a thermostatic mixer at the hot water outlet. The function of the mixer is to bring the water temperature to values that prevent scalding. The requirements for the location of the heater are the same as for other heating devices - i.e. above the level of the solid fuel boiler.

The main advantages of such a scheme are the simplicity of its design and energy independence. The main disadvantage is that during a cold start, until all the water in the circuit is completely warmed up, the temperature in the return line will be below the permissible level. This negatively affects the service life, for example. Disadvantages also include poor controllability and low energy efficiency.

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Forced circulation heating system

The coolant circulation is carried out using a circulation pump. This solves the problem of low return temperature by adding hot water from the supply line. More comfortable heating conditions are also achieved, thanks to the ability to adjust the temperature in heating devices. However, there are also significant disadvantages:

The likelihood of overheating increases if the heating devices in the room are set to low heat consumption.
If there is no power supply, the circulation pump will no longer be able to perform its function, and therefore the movement of the coolant will stop. This can also lead to overheating.

For example, in order to reduce the risk of an emergency increase in temperature in the heating system, they are equipped with external or built-in emergency heat exchangers.

The inclusion of storage tanks in the piping scheme allows you to accumulate excess heat and release it into the heating system as needed. This solves several problems:

In case of low heat consumption, excess hot coolant is accumulated for later use.
With low heat consumption, the solid fuel boiler still operates at rated power.
Allows the use of higher power devices.

The figure shows the wiring of a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator and a circulation pump:

Photo 4: Piping according to the forced circulation scheme

Many owners of private houses designing a heating system are interested in the question: is it possible to piping a solid fuel boiler with polypropylene? The use of polypropylene pipes imposes certain requirements on the temperature of the coolant. Experts advise that when using polypropylene pipes in a heating system, the first 1-1.5 meters of the supply line should be made of metal, and also use a larger pipe diameter and a thermostatic valve. Naturally, overheating of a solid fuel boiler should be avoided in every possible way.

When performing this type of piping, it should be taken into account that the cost of additional equipment can be equal to or even exceed the cost of the solid fuel heating device itself. This is not suitable for those who decide to buy a TT boiler for home heating, focusing on its relatively low price.