Autonomous sewerage for a private house
Installing a sewer is a rather complicated process, associated not only with the work itself, but also with the choice of the desired system. In order not to make a mistake with the choice, you need to know the parameters of the house (or cottage) itself, the size of the plot, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous sewage systems.
There are various types of sewage systems on the market, which can differ significantly from each other in terms of functionality and price.
Internal and external autonomous sewerage for the house
This division is quite understandable even to those people who are not very well versed in plumbing. Internal sewerage includes a pipeline located inside the house, it ends on an external pipe.
For the correct installation of internal sewerage necessary:
- take into account the angle of inclination of the pipes so that the waste moves down, and does not remain in the pipes;
- draw up a pipeline diagram, provide for all pipes and connections to plumbing;
- install protective mechanisms that prevent the penetration of odors from the sewer (valves, siphons).
External sewerage starts from the outer pipe and serves for cleaning (filtration) and / or storage of waste. The capacity of the system to treat or store effluent must necessarily correspond to the intended calculation of the amount of waste. Experts say that the average rate per person is 150 liters per day. Based on these parameters, if a shower cabin is installed in the house, the presence of a bath adds another 50 liters per person per day to the norm. In order to choose a sewage system, you first need to decide whether you are going to store or process waste.
Autonomous sewerage for the home: installation choice
In order to decide on the sewerage system, you need to analyze the load on it, your desires and, of course, the possibilities. If you use the sewerage irregularly, for example, coming to the country house only on weekends, then you can use a cesspool or a storage tank. No purification systems are expected here, the waste will simply be stored in the tank. After some time (according to fullness), they will need to be disposed of. Please note that for disposal you will need to call special equipment and professionals. Such a system is cheaper than all others on the market, but it requires regular costs for waste disposal.
If you permanently live in the house, then the use of the storage system is irrational, since it will fill up very quickly, and the constant disposal of waste will require considerable amounts. For such conditions, special septic tanks and filtration wells are more suitable. The peculiarity of such a sewer system is that the waste is filtered under the action of bacteria, then the water that has undergone such purification enters the filtration well, from where it enters the soil, passing through another filter. The purchase of such a system will require a large investment from you, however, it practically does not require special care.
Autonomous sewerage for the home: storage capacity
If you decide to do without waste filtration and purchase a storage system, then pay attention to the capacity itself. It must be airtight and very durable (meaning resistance to bacteria). There are several types of storage tanks, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
For example, concrete container- one of the strongest and most durable options. It is done in two different ways: formwork and concrete pouring, as well as the installation of reinforced concrete rings. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity. Pouring concrete into a previously dug hole and prepared formwork is a rather complicated process. And to install the rings will require special equipment. Otherwise, concrete is one of the most preferred options.
Much faster installation plastic or steel containers. Nothing super complicated will be required of you - you just need to dig a hole of a suitable size, place containers in it and connect the sewer pipe. But finding such a design will not be easy. You need a special technical hatch of a certain size with built-in ventilation, because the resulting gas must go out.
Can do waste and brick storage container, but such a system is considered the most harmful to the soil. The brick is not able to keep all the drains inside the tank, so untreated waste will seep into the ground.
Autonomous sewerage for the house: septic tank
The principle of operation of septic tanks does not depend on the model; all use bacteria that act on drains and clarify the liquid. The device itself is usually made of durable polymer materials that prevent the structure from deforming under the influence of the environment.
You can choose the appropriate model based on the approximate volume of waste. You may also need a deep cleaning station, such as BARS-Ultra. This biological treatment station does not require pumping, so it will save you money on calling vacuum trucks.
However, a septic tank can be made independently, the filtration quality of such a design will be significantly lower than that of a purchased one, however, its price will be much less.
Such a "home-made" septic tank consists of at least two chambers, one of which is larger and the other is smaller. For such structures, plastic containers are used. Effluent enters a large chamber, where it is exposed to bacteria, as a result, the liquid is clarified and sent through a pipe to another chamber, where it is again affected by bacteria.
Thus, drains can be cleaned by 60%, but this result is not suitable for draining liquid into the ground, which is why a home-made septic tank must be completed with post-treatment wells, where the liquid will undergo additional filtration, for example, through crushed stone.
